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Giraffokeryx punjabiensis
 
Skull  
Miocene, India  

Giraffokeryx is a giraffe from the Miocene of India. It was a short-necked animal, more like the forest-dwelling okapi than the long-necked modern giraffe. Some of the later Indian giraffids, such as the Pleistocene Sivatherium, reached very great sizes, with massive, ox-like bodies and relatively short legs.

Rather than having true horns, giraffe heads are ornamented with structures know as ossicones. In modern giraffes these are short, bony structures covered with skin and hair. They form as disks of cartilage that eventually ossify and may fuse with each other or the underlying skull. In Giraffokeryx there are two pairs of ossicones; one pair over the eyes and the other over the ears. In the sivatheres these ossicones became much more elaborate; Sivatherium had an enormous pair of branching, palmate ossicones that looked more like moose antlers.

 
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