Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Neurergus kaiseri Schmidt, 1952

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae > Genus: Neurergus > Species: Neurergus kaiseri

Neurergus crocatus kaiseri Schmidt, 1952, Nat. Hist. Misc., 93: 1. Holotype: ZMUC 03184, by original designation. Type locality: "Shah Bazan, Luristan, Iran", Zagros Mountains, 1200 meters, from 10 to 15 km south of the junction of the Ab-I-Cesar and Ab-I-Diz rivers. Museum records give locality as "Locality 70: 'Good Springs' 11km N of Shah Bazan, 8 km SW of junction with Ab-i-Diz and Ab-i-Cezar river" (personal commun., H. Kristensen, 24 Nov. 2010).

Neurergus crocatus kaiseri — Thorn, 1968, Salamand. Eur. Asie Afr. Nord: 273.

Neurergus kaiseri — Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1970, Senckenb. Biol., 51: 49; Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1975, Salamandra, 11: 93.

Neurergus (Neurergus) kaiseri — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 54, 66.

English Names

Luristan Newt (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 32; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35).

Lorestan (Mountain) Newt (Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 96).

Kaiser's (Lorestan) Mountain Newt (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 267).

Kaiser's Spotted Newt (Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 146).

Kaiser's Mountain Newt (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 41).

Distribution

Southern Zagros Mountains, along the Lorestan–Khozestan border in southwestern Iran, 500 to 1500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Iran

Endemic: Iran

Comment

Schmidt, 1955, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 117: 193-197, provided an augmented description. Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1970, Senckenb. Biol., 51: 49, and Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1975, Salamandra, 11: 93, showed Neurergus kaiseri to be a distinct species. Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 347, and Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 96-98, provided accounts. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 119, provided a brief account, map, and photograph. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 604. Sharifi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Akmali, and Narenji, 2008, Russ. J. Herpetol., 15: 169-172, detailed the range and habitat. Özdemir, Üzüm, Avcı, and Olgun, 2009, Herpetologica, 65: 280-291, suggested that Neurergus kaiseri is the sister taxon of Neurergus microspilotus. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 141–142, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 260–262, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Khoshnamvand, Malekian, and Keivany, 2018, Basic & Appl. Herpetol., 32: 5–17, discussed the morphological distinctiveness of the different (and mostly unnamed) clades. Rancilhac, Goudarzi, Gehara, Hemami, Elmer, Vences, and Steinfartz, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 133: 189–197, discussed molecular phylogenetics within Neurergus and suggested that this species may contain unnamed lineages. Khoshnamvand, Malekian, Keivani, and Goudarzi, 2019, J. Wildl. Biodivers., Arak, 3(2): 11–17, discussed barcoding of populations, identifying a northern (Kerser, Daregol and Bozorgab) and a southern population (Vegenab, Mongare and Tove ) that are ecologically and genetically distinct, confirming the suppositions of Rancilhad et al. (2019). Khoshnamvand, Malekian, Keivany, Zamani-Faradonbe, and Amiri, 2019, Acta Herpetol., Firenze, 14: 51–56, described the osteology. Malekian, Khoshnamvand, and Keivany, 2019, Herpetol. J., 29: 237–244, discussed the morphological and genetic data in support of this nominal species being composed of at least two lineages. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 146, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 399–401, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 1–112, provided for Iran an identification key including this species, photographs, habitat and conservation threats, a review of the literature, discussion of nomenclature and systematics, as well as dot and modeled distribution maps.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.