Onychodactylus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)

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Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Onychodactylinae > Genus: Onychodactylus > Species: Onychodactylus japonicus

Salamandra japonica Houttuyn, 1782, Verh. Zeeuwsch. Genootsch. Wetensch. Vlissingen, 9: 329. Type(s): Including animal in figure 3 of the original publication; not now known to exist, possibly in ZIUU, ZMA, and RMNH. Type locality: given as "Japan" but according to Brame, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 19, and Poyarkov, Che, Min, Kuro-o, Yan, Li, Iizuka, and Vieites, 2012, Zootaxa, 3465: 40, evidently the "Fakoneberget" (mountains of Hakone, Izu Province, Honshu I., Japan).

Lacerta japonica — Thunberg, 1787, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 8: 124.

Lacerta thunbergii Donndorff, 1798, Zool. Beitr., Amph. Fische: 132. Substitute name for Lacerta japonica Thunberg, 1787.

Salamandra japonicus — Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 73.

Molge striata Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 185. Substitute name for Salamandra japonica Houttuyn, 1782 and Lacerta japonica Thunberg, 1787.

Salamandra unguiculata Temminck and Schlegel, 1838, Fauna Japonica, 3: 123, 129. Syntypes: Not stated, but clearly including animals figured on pl. 5, figs. 1-6 of the original publication. RMNH 2289 (20 adults; damaged pharmaceutical specimens); 2290 (8 adults); 2291 (7 larvae), 2292 (4 adults), and 18560 (skeleton) (according to Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 97), MCZ 21320 (on exchange from RMNH, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 188), and MNHNP 4692 (according to Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 79). RMNH 2292A designated lectotype by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 97. See comments by Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 67-68, 78-79. Type localities: "les contrées montueuses des îles Nippon (= Honshu) et Sikok [= Shikoku], particulièrement dans les provinces Sagami, Sinano, Tanba, Tazima et Tosa, situées entre les 33 et 36 degrés de latitude boreale", Japan. Synonymy by Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 33; Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 114; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 35.

Onychodactylus schlegeli Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 92. Substitute name for Salamandra unguiculata Schlegel, 1838.

Onychodactylus japonicus — Bonaparte, 1839, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 26): unpaged.

Onycopus sieboldii — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 4.

Onychodactylus schlegeli — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 114.

Onychodactylus japonicus — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 33. Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 35.

Salamandra (Onychodactylus) unguiculata — Schlegel, 1858, Handl. Dierkd., 2: 60.

Onychodactylus (Onychodactylus) japonicus — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77-161.

English Names

Japanese Salamander (Wood, 1863, Illust. Nat. Hist., 3: 182).

Japanese Clawed Salamander (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 21; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28; Kuzmin, 1995, Clawed Salamanders of Asia (genus Onychodactylus): 3; Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 36).

Japanese Clawed (Lungless) Salamander (Poyarkov, Che, Min, Kuro-o, Yan, Li, Iizuka, and Vieites, 2012, Zootaxa, 3465: 37).

Distribution

Mountains of the southern two-thirds of Honshu, southwest of a line roughly from Kitakata-shi (Fukushima Prefecture) to Daigo-machi (Ibaraki Prefecture), Japan.

Comment

See Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 14-15, for discussion. Kuzmin, 1995, Clawed Salamanders of Asia (genus Onychodactylus): 13-56, provided an extensive account (in the sense of including Onychodactylus nipponborealis). Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 36-38, provided an account (in the sense of including Onychodactylus nipponborealis), map, and photograph. Yoshikawa, Matsui, Nishikawa, Kim, and Kryukov, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 49: 249-259, presented molecular data that suggests that this nominal taxon is composed of several cryptic species. Yoshikawa, Matsui, Nishikawa, Misawa, and Tanabe, 2010, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 27: 33-40, reported on allozymic variation among populations and found that two of the genetically diagnosable groups exist in sympatry with limited hybridization in Hiroshima Prefecture of southern Honshu. One of the two populations these authors referred to as "Shikoku" is a distinct species from the remainder of Onychodactylus japonicus (which may be composed of cryptic species), and which was subsequently named as Onychodactylus intermedius. Yoshikawa, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2010, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 27: 344-355, provided additional molecular data and concurred with the specific distinction between the two populations, without providing a taxonomic remedy for the situation. Yoshikawa, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2012, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 29: 229-237, provided allozyme evidence for the existence of several cryptic and unnamed species on Honshu, Japan (of which one was subsequently named as Onychodactylus fuscus). Poyarkov, Che, Min, Kuro-o, Yan, Li, Iizuka, and Vieites, 2012, Zootaxa, 3465: 1-106, placed this species in their Onychodactylus japonicus group, redelimited the species (referring to it as a species complex) by naming Onychodactylus nipponoborealis (not the "Shikoku" species of other authors), and provided a detailed account. Onychodactylus tsukubaensis is the Onychodactylus japonicus subclade II-B of Yoshikawa, Matsui, Nishikawa, Kim, and Kryukov, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 49: 249-259. Yoshikawa, Matsui, Tanabe, and Okayama, 2013, Zootaxa, 3693: 441-464, redelimited the range of the species by the recognition of Onychodactylus kinneburi and two unnamed species. : 53–78, redelimited the diagnosis and range of Onychodactylus japonicus and partitioned out Onychodactylus fuscus and Onychodactylus intermedius. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 48, provided a brief account, photo, and range map.

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