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| Search tool | Example of search string in box | What that means to the database |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | Hyl* | Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | *Hyla | Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
| Hyla | Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
| Strings of words without quotation marks | Lithobates pipiens | Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
| Strings of word with quotation marks | "Lithobates pipiens" | Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
| AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND | Lithobates AND pipiens | Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
| OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR | Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" | Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
| Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) | Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri | Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
| Printable HELP file |
| [hide] |
|---|
| Search tool | Example of search string in box | What that means to the database |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | Hyl* | Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | *Hyla | Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
| Single word | Hyla | Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
| Strings of words without quotation marks | Lithobates pipiens | Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
| Strings of word with quotation marks | "Lithobates pipiens" | Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
| AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND | Lithobates AND pipiens | Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
| OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR | Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" | Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
| Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) | Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri | Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
| Printable HELP file |
Gastrophrynoides Noble, 1926
2 species
English Names
Borneo Narrowmouth Toads (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 89).
Distribution
Southern Peninsular Malaysia, and in Bornean Malaysia in Sarawak and Sabah; presumably will be found in northwestern Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Comment
Formerly in the Old World component of Microhylinae; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 225, did not address this taxon in their study, and they removed Gastrophrynoides from any subfamily pending resolution of its phylogenetic placement. van der Meijden, Vences, Hoegg, Boistel, Channing, and Meyer, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 44: 1017-1030, did not address this taxon. Matsui, Hamidy, Belabut, Ahmad, Panha, Sudin, Khonsue, Oh, Yong, Jiang, and Nishikawa, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 167-176, suggested on the basis of mtDNA phylogenetic analysis that Gastrophrynoides is related to Asterophryinae (their exemplar being Oreophryne monticola). Kurabayashi, Matsui, Belabut, Yong, Ahmad, Sudin, Kuramoto, Hamidy, and Sumida, 2011, BMC Evol. Biol., 11(175): 175 (1-12), formally transferred Gastrophrynoides to Asterophryinae as the most basal clade. de Sá, Streicher, Sekonyela, Forlani, Loader, Greenbaum, Richards, and Haddad, 2012, BMC Evol. Biol., 12(241) : 1-21, confirmed the position of Gastrophrynoides as the sister taxon of remaining asterophrynines.
Contained taxa (2 sp.):
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