Xenophrys maosonensis (Bourret, 1937)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae > Genus: Xenophrys > Species: Xenophrys maosonensis

Megophrys longipes maosonensis Bourret, 1937, Annexe Bull. Gen. Instr. Publique, Hanoi, 1937: 12. Syntype(s): Lab. Sci. Univ. Hanoi; now presumably in MNHNP. MNHNP 1938.97 designated lectotype by Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 406. Type localities: "Mao-Son" (5 specimens) and "Chapa" (8 specimens), Vietnam. Lectotype from "Mao-Son" = Mt. Mau Son, Loc Binh District, Lang Son (N21°51′, E106°58′), Vietnam.

Xenophrys maosonensis  — Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 106: 41.

Megophrys (Panophrys) maosonensis — Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 755, by implication; see comment. 

English Names

Maoson Horned Toad (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 36).

Maoson Horned Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 6).

Distribution

Known with confidence only from Vietnam (Quang Thanh, Cao Bang province; Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc province, Sa Pa, Lao Cai province, and Hai Ha District, Quang Ninh Province) and China (Xiaoqiaogou Nature Reserve, Yunnan; Malipo, Yunnan; Mount Shiwandashan, Guangxi); Tale Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India, and presumably to be found in intervening Myanmar. See comment. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, India, Vietnam

Likely/Controversially Present: Myanmar

Comment

Removed from the synonym of Megophrys major by Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 106: 32, where it had been placed by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 199. Treated as distinct by Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 755, but this manuscript was submitted before the appearance of the paper by Chen et al., 2017. Saikia, Sinha, Thakur, and Kharkongor, 2019, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 119: 456–462, provided the Arunachal Pradesh, India, record, confirmed by 12S and 16S mtDNA barcoding. Tapley, Nguyen, Cutajar, Nguyen, Portway, Luong, and Rowley, 2020, Zootaxa, 4845: 35–52, provided a detailed description of larval morphology. In the Xenophrys major group of Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 9–40. Pham, Do, Ngo, Tran, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2020, Check List, 16: 1025–1041, provided a record from Hai Ha District, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, on the Guangxi, China, border. Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 36, suggested that likely all records of nominal Xenophrys major from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos apply to this species; see the Xenophrys major record for access to a large confusing literature. Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 406–407, retained the species in their Xenophrys major group, provided an account and provided records from Guangxi, but did not mention the genetically confirmed records from Arunachal Pradesh, India. They also discussed the possibility of cryptic species discussed by  Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 106: 28–43, one of which they named Xenophrys lancangicaZiegler, Ong, Hoang, Pham, and Nguyen, 2022, Acad. J. Biol., 44: 114, referred their earlier record of Megophrys lateralis (Ziegler, 2002, Amph. Rept. Tieflandfeuchtwald–Schutzgebietes Vietnam: 1–342) from Ke Go Nature Reserve, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam, to Xenophrys cf. maosonensis/Xenophrys sp.

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