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| Search tool | Example of search string in box | What that means to the database |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | Hyl* | Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | *Hyla | Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
| Hyla | Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
| Strings of words without quotation marks | Lithobates pipiens | Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
| Strings of word with quotation marks | "Lithobates pipiens" | Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
| AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND | Lithobates AND pipiens | Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
| OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR | Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" | Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
| Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) | Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri | Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
| Printable HELP file |
| [hide] |
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| Search tool | Example of search string in box | What that means to the database |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | Hyl* | Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | *Hyla | Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
| Single word | Hyla | Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
| Strings of words without quotation marks | Lithobates pipiens | Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
| Strings of word with quotation marks | "Lithobates pipiens" | Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
| AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND | Lithobates AND pipiens | Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
| OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR | Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" | Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
| Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) | Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri | Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
| Printable HELP file |
Engystomops Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
9 species
Engystomops Jiménez de la Espada, 1872, An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1: 86. Type species: Engystomops petersi Jiménez de la Espada, 1872, by monotypy.
Microphryne Peters, 1873, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873: 616. Type species: Paludicola pustulosa Cope 1864, by monotypy. Coined as a subgenus of Bufo. Synonymy with Engystomops by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 275; with Eupemphix by Boulenger, 1888, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 1: 188.
Microphryne — Cope, 1875 "1876", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 8: 155. Treatment as a genus.
English Names
Foam Frogs (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 12).
Distribution
Southern Mexico to northern South America south to Bolivia.
Comment
Removed from the synonymy of Physalaemus by Nascimento, Caramaschi, and Cruz, 2005, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 63: 312, where it had been placed by Lynch, 1970, Copeia, 1970: 488-496. Previously placed in the synonymy of Eupemphix by Boettger, 1885, Z. Naturwiss., Halle, 58: 436. Ron, Coloma, and Cannatella, 2005, Herpetologica, 61: 178-198, discussed phylogenetics and call structure of the Physalaemus pustulosus group, which largely corresponds to Engystomops. Funk, Angulo, Caldwell, Ryan, and Cannatella, 2008, Herpetologica, 64: 290-304, suggested that the study by Nascimento, Caramaschi, and Cruz, 2005, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 63: 297-320, did not justify the separation of Physalaemus and Engystomops and noted a manuscript in preparation by D.C. Cannatella to substantiate this statement. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, confirmed the monophyly of Engystomops, its sister-taxon relationship to a clade composed of Physalaemus and Eupemphix, and provided a tree of exemplar species. Funk, Caminer, and Ron, 2011, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, Biol. Sci., 279: 1806-1814, suggested that likely five unnamed species exist in Amazonian Ecuador and adjacent Peru, French Guiana, and Amazonian Brazil, based on molecular markers, morphology, and acoustic data.
Contained taxa (9 sp.):
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