Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Speleomantes strinatii (Aellen, 1958)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Plethodontinae > Genus: Speleomantes > Species: Speleomantes strinatii

Hydromantes italicus strinatii Aellen, 1958, Senckenb. Biol., 39: 156. Holotype: MHNG 926.16, by original designation. Type locality: "grotte d'Aspremont, Alpes-Maritimes, France".

Hydromantes genei strinatii — Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 140.

Hydromantes italicus argentatus Stefani, 1969 "1968", Arch. Zool. Ital. Torino, 53: 226. Holotype: IZUG unnumbered, by original designation. Type locality: "Grotte [= Grotta] delle Ruccaie in Val Varatella presso Toirano (prov. Savona)", Italy. Synonymy by Lanza, Nascetti, and Bullini, 1982, Boll. Zool., Padua, 49 (Suppl.): 103. Synonymy with Hydromantes strinatii by Nascetti, Cimmaruta, Lanza, and Bullini, 1996, J. Herpetol., 30: 165.

Hydromantes italicus ligusticus Stefani, 1969 "1968", Arch. Zool. Ital. Torino, 53: 228. Holotype: IZUG unnumbered, by original designation. Type locality: "dintorni di Genova (Pertüzo do Paolin, Pertüzo do Canté) e Rapallo (Grotta Valdettaro)", Italy. Synonymy with Hydromantes ambrosii by Lanza, Nascetti, and Bullini, 1982, Boll. Zool., Padua, 49 (Suppl.): 103. Synonymy with Hydromantes strinatii by Nascetti, Cimmaruta, Lanza, and Bullini, 1996, J. Herpetol., 30: 165.

Hydromantes italicus bonzanoi Bruno and Bologna, 1973, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 114: 82. Types: MSNM unnumberd (Marco Bologna field no. 1271), by original designation; now MSNM Am 1325 according to Blackburn and Scali, 2014, Herpetol. Monogr., 28: 36. Type locality: "Grotta detta «Tana Ia du Casà » (537 Li);, 4° 30′27″ e 44° 00′ 12″; I. G. M.: F 91, Q II, S.E., Pieve di Teco. Situata sul versante Sud del Colle San Bartolomeo, nell'alta Valle del torrente Impero, nel comune di Caravonica, in provincia di Imperia, a m 12 s.l.m.", Liguria, Italy. Synonymy with Hydromantes ambrosii by Lanza, Nascetti, and Bullini, 1982, Boll. Zool., Padua, 49 (Suppl.): 103. Synonymy with Hydromantes strinatii by Nascetti, Cimmaruta, Lanza, and Bullini, 1996, J. Herpetol., 30: 165.

Hydromantes strinatii — Nascetti, Cimmaruta, Lanza, and Bullini, 1996, J. Herpetol., 30: 161–183.

Speleomantes strinatii — Thireau and Doré, 2000, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 125: 251; Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 368; Vieites, Min, and Wake, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 19904, and electronic supplemental data.

Hydromantes (Speleomantes) strinatii — Wake, Salvador, and Alonso-Zarazaga, 2005, Amphibia-Reptilia, 26: 543–548; van der Meijden, Chiari, Mucedda, Carranza, Corti, and Veith, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 51: 401.

Speleomantes (Speleomantes) strinatii — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161.

Speleomantes strinatii ligusticus — Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 1020. Provisional arrangement.

Speleomantes strinatii arentatus — Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 1020. Provisional arrangement.

Speleomantes strinatii strinatii — Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 1020. Provisional arrangement.

English Names

Strinati's Cave Salamander (Lanza, Caputo, Nascetti, and Bullini, 1995, Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 16: 9).

Western Cave Salamander (Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 40).

French Cave Salamander (Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 162).

Distribution

Maritime Alps of southeastern France and in Monaco and maritime northwestern Italy in southwestern and southeastern Piemonte and adjacent Liguria east to western Emilia Romagna and extreme northern Toscana, below 2500 m elevation; introduced population in Vienne County, France.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: France, Italy, Monaco

Introduced: France

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Speleomantes ambrosii by Nascetti, Cimmaruta, Lanza, and Bullini, 1996, J. Herpetol., 30: 161-183, where it had been placed by Lanza, Nascetti, and Bullini, 1982, Boll. Zool., Padua, 49 (Suppl.): 103. See account by Bruno, 1973, Natura, Milano, 64: 385. See comment under Speleomantes ambrosii with which it has been confused in much literature. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 314-1, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Lanza, Pastorelli, Laghi, and Cimmaruta, 2006 "2005", Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Trieste, 52 (Suppl.): 5-135, provided a review. See detailed account for the Italian population by Lanza, Pastorelli, Laghi, and Cimmaruta, 2007, in Lanza et al. (eds.), Fauna d'Italia, 42 (Amph.): 152-156. Renet, Tordjman, Gerriet, and Madelaine, 2012, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 141: 3–22, discussed the range in France and Monaco. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 437–438, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 162–164, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Cimmaruta, Lucente, and Nascetti, 2015, PLoS One, 10(6: e0131298): 1–21, discussed molecular phylogeography. Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 106–107, provided a brief account and distribution map. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 182, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Lucente, Renet, Gailledrat, Tillet, Nascetti, and Cimmaruta, 2016, Herpetol. Bull., London, 138: 21–23, reported an introduced population in Vienne County, France. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 1017–1022, provided an account summarizing systematics (including noting possible subspecies), morphology, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.