Bolitoglossa orestes Brame and Wake, 1962

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Bolitoglossa > Species: Bolitoglossa orestes

Bolitoglossa orestes Brame and Wake, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 171. Holotype: BMNH 1905.5.31.103, by original designation. Type locality: "Culata, 9,810 feet (3,000 meters), Cordillera de Mérida, Estado de Mérida, Venezuela".

Bolitoglossa spongai Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 1999, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 19: 11. Holotype: MBUCV 6570, by original designation. Type locality: "Carretera Mérida la Azulita, frente al Hato la Carbonera, Fila la Cuchilla, Municipio Campo Elías, La Carbonera, Estado Mérida, Venezuela, 2200 msnm. 8° 38′ 02″ N, 71° 22′ 25″ W". Synonymy by Fermin, García-Gutiérrez, Escalona Sulbarán, Mora, and Díaz, 2012, Zootaxa, 3356: 47-56.

Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) orestesParra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336.

Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) spongaiParra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336.

English Names

Culata Mushroomtongue Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 30).

La Culata Mushroomtongue Salamander (Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 712).

Distribution

Cloud forests of the Sierra de la Culata in Mérida state, Venezuela, 2000–3500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Venezuela

Endemic: Venezuela

Comment

In the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) adspersa group of Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336. See account by Brame and Wake, 1963, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 69: 24. See also additional comparisons by Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 1999, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 19: 9-19. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 563 (as Bolitoglossa orestes) and 566 (as Bolitoglossa spongai). See account (as Bolitoglossa spongai) by Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 2004, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 781: 1-2. Barrio-Amorós, García, and Fuentes-Ramos, 2010, Salamandra, 46: 108-113, reported on natural history and intraspecific variation, as Bolitoglossa spongaiRaffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 333, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 131–132, for comments on range and literature. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 712–713, provided an account summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

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