Hynobius kimurae Dunn, 1923

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Hynobius > Species: Hynobius kimurae

Hynobius luteopunctatus Hatta, 1914, Zool. Anz., 43: 32. Nomen nudum. Provisionally included in synonymy by Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 9; Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 17.

Hynobius kimurae Dunn, 1923, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 12: 27. Holotype: MCZ 8546, by original designation. Type locality: "Mt. Heizan, near Kyoto, Hondo", Honshu I., Omi Province, Japan.

Hynobius kimuraiDunn, 1923, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., 58: 486. Incorrect subsequent spelling. See comment.

Pseudosalamandra hida Tago, 1929, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, 41: 431. nomen nudum. Synonymy by Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 9.

Pseudosalamandra kimuraiTago, 1931, Imori to Sanshio-uo: 36, 181.

Pseudosalamandra hidaPearse, 1932, Ecology, 13: 139.

Hynobius (Hynobius) naevius kimuraiNakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 12.

Hynobius kimurae —Matsui In Sengoku, 1979, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 106–107.

Hynobius (Pachypalaminus) kimuraeDubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161.

Hynobius (Makihynobius) kimurae — Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 593. 

Pachypalaminus kimurae — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 407. 

English Names

Hondo Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28).

Hida Salamander (Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 14).

Distribution

Mountains of Aichi Prefecture in the western part of Chubu District westwards to Kinki and Chugoku districts, central to western Honshu, Japan. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

In the Hynobius naevius group of Thorn, 1968, Salamand. Eur. Asie Afr. Nord: 37. Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 12, noted that subsequent emendation to incorrect Hynobius kimurai. These authors considered Hynobius kimurae to be a subspecies of Hynobius naevius, but this was rejected by Matsui IN Sengoku, 1979, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 106–107. Matsui, Misawa, Nishikawa, and Tanabe, 2000, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B—Comp. Biochem., 125: 115–125, examined genetic divergence between Hynobius kimurae and Hynobius naevius and considered them distinct, and noted that Hynobius kimurae is composed of two genetically distinct populations, an eastern one, and a central and western one. See accounts by Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 83–84, Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 14–16, and Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 52. Brandon-Jones, Duckworth, Jenkins, Rylands, and Sarmiento, 2007, Zootaxa, 1541: 41–48, discussed the nomenclatural principles that prevent kimurae from being emendable to kimurai. Matsui, Misawa, and Nishikawa, 2009, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 26: 87–95, reported on morphological geographic variation. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 74–75, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 71–72, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species.  Okamiya, Sugawara, Nagano, and Poyarkov, 2018, PeerJ, 5084: 1–40, reported on mtDNA, nuDNA, and morphological variation, resulting in the partition of the species into a restricted Hynobius kimurae and a new Hynobius fossigenus, which means that much of the literature noted here may be in part referable to that species. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 128–129, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). 

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