Spea hammondii (Baird, 1859)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Scaphiopodidae > Genus: Spea > Species: Spea hammondii

Scaphiopus hammondii Baird, 1859 "1857", Rep. Upon Explor Surv. Route Railroad Mississippi–Pacific Ocean, 10 (Part 4, No. 4): 12. Holotype: USNM 3695, by original designation but not there now. Type locality: "Fort Reading, California", USA.

Spea hammondiiCope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 81.

Spea hammondii hammondiiCope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 303; Tanner, 1989, Great Basin Nat., 49: 57.

Scaphiopus hammondii hammondiiGrinnell and Camp, 1917, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17: 140; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 59.

Scaphiopus (Spea) hammondiiTanner, 1939, Great Basin Nat., 1: 12; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 130.

Spea hammondiiWiens and Titus, 1991, Herpetologica, 47: 21–28.

English Names

Hammond's Spea (Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 24).

Hammond's Spadefoot Toad (Tanner, 1939, Great Basin Nat., 1: 16).

Hammond Spadefoot (Stebbins, 1951, Amph. W. North Am.: 207).

Hammond's Spadefoot (Cooper, 1873, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4: 64; Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: ix; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 57; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 177).

Western Spadefoot (Dickerson, 1906, The Frog Book: 59; Strecker, 1915, Baylor Univ. Bull., 18: 54; Grinnell and Storer, 1924, Animal Life in the Yosemite: 654; Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 43; Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 84; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 57; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 301; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 13; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 29; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 14; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 16; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 203; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 12; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 23; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 9; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 22; Frost, Lemmon, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 20).

Western Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 96).

Distribution

Western California (USA) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Mexico, United States of America, United States of America - California

Comment

See comment under Spea multiplicatus. Grismer, 2002, Amph. Rept. Baja California: 84–85, provided an account for the Mexican population. Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 203–204, provided a brief account, figure, and map (and who commented on the disappearance of this species from large areas of its former distribution). Morey, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 517–519, and Dodd, 2013, Frogs U.S. and Canada, 2: 786–790, provided extensive accounts that summarized the relevant literature. Elliot, Gerhardt, and Davidson, 2009, Frogs and Toads of N. Am.: 250–273, provided an account, photos, and advertisement call.  Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 252, provided an account of larval morphology and biology. Neal, Johnson, and Shaffer, 2018, Conserv. Genetics, 19: 937–946, via genetic assay and niche modeling noted that the species is divided into two allopatric diagnosable populations, separated in California by the Transverse Ranges.  

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