Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Polypedates > Species: Polypedates cruciger

Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 21: 355. (Also described as new by Blyth, 1853 "1852", IN Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., 1(Append.): 48). Syntypes: ZSIC 10176-79 according to Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 18; regarded as lost by Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 90. Type locality: "Ceylon" (= Sri Lanka).

Polypedates biscutiger Peters, 1871, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1871: 649. Syntypes: ZMB 3045 (2 specimens), 3046, 3047 (2 specimens), 3048 (2 specimens), 3049-50 (not located) according to Bauer, Günther, and Klipfel, 1995, in Bauer et al. (eds.), Herpetol. Contr. W.C.H. Peters: 51. ZMB 3049 regarded as holotype by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2001, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 5: 198. Type locality: "Rambodde (Ceylon)" = Ramboda, Sri Lanka. Synonymy with Hyla maculata by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 83; Boulenger, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Rept. Batr.: 475; Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 181; Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 55. Synonymy with Polypedates cruciger by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2001, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 5: 191.

Rhacophorus cruciger — Cope, 1887, Origin of the Fittest: 82, by implication; Nevill, 1888, Taprobanian, 3: 6; Boulenger, 1889, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1889: 31; Boulenger, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Rept. Batr.: 36, 476; De Silva, 1955, Spolia Zeylan., 27: 243-250.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) cruciger — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 140. Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 77.

Rhacophorus leucomystax cruciger — Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 182.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) maculatus biscutiger — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 84.

Rhacophorus cruciger cruciger — Herrmann, 1993, Herpetofauna, Weinstadt, 15: 31.

English Names

Sri Lanka Whipping Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 113).

Common Hour-glass Tree-frog (de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 124).

Distribution

Sri Lanka.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Sri Lanka

Endemic: Sri Lanka

Comment

In the Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) leucomystax group of Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 77; see comment under Polypedates. See account (as Rhacophorus cruciger) by Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 58-63. Removed from the synonymy of Polypedates leucomystax (where it had been placed as a subspecies by Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 178) by De Silva, 1955, Spolia Zeylan., 27: 247. See account by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 168-172. See comment under Polypedates pseudocruciger, to which all Indian records have been referred. de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 124, provided a brief account and color photograph. Bopage, Wewelwala, Krvavac, Jovanovic, Safarek, and Pushpamal, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 173-177, reported the species in lowland forest in the Kanneliya Forest of southwestern Sri Lanka.

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