Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Phrynobatrachus fraterculus (Chabanaud, 1921)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Phrynobatrachidae > Genus: Phrynobatrachus > Species: Phrynobatrachus fraterculus

Arthroleptis fraterculus Chabanaud, 1921, Bull. Com. Études Hist. Scient. Afr. Occid. Franç., 1921: 456. Syntypes: MNHNP 1921.153-157, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 45. Type locality: "Macenta", Guinea.

Cardioglossa decorata Barbour and Loveridge, 1927, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 10: 15. Holotype: MCZ 12032, by original designation. Type locality: "Bangah, Liberia". Synonymy by Guibé and Lamotte, 1963, Mem. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire, 66: 616.

Arthroleptis decorata — Parker, 1936, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 19: 92.

Arthroleptis liberiensis — Parker, 1936, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 19: 92.

Phrynobatrachus fraterculus — Laurent, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 34: 207; Guibé and Lamotte, 1958, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 30: 257.

Phrynobatrachus decoratus — Laurent, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 34: 208; Guibé and Lamotte, 1958, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 30: 257.

English Names

Macenta River Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 103).

Brother's Puddle Frog (Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 302).

Distribution

Southern Guinea, Liberia, eastern Sierra Leone, Liberia, and extreme western Ivory Coast.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone

Comment

Reviewed by Guibé and Lamotte, 1963, Mem. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire, 66: 601-627. Rödel and Bangoura, 2004, Tropical Zool., 17: 211-212, provided brief comments about specimens from Guinea. Frétey, 2008, Alytes, 25: 99-172, summarized the literature. See comment under Phrynobatrachus maculiventris. In species group B of Zimkus, Rödel, and Hillers, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 55: 883-900. Rödel and Glos, 2019, Zoosyst. Evol., 95: 24, reported this species from the Foya Proposed Protected Area in western Liberia, and commented on habitat preference. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 302–303, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. In the Phrynobatrachus calcaratus group of Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019, ZooKeys, 824: 53–70. Kanga, Kouamé, Zogbass, Gongomin, Agoh, Kouamé, Konan, Adepo-Gourène, Gourène, and Rödel, 2021, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 15: 71–107, commented on conservation status, identification, range, and habitat on the Ivory Coast side of Mont Nimba.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.