Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Smilisca Cope, 1865

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Smilisca

9 species

Smilisca Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 194. Type species: Smilisca daulinia Cope, 1865 (= Hyla baudinii Duméril and Bibron, 1841), by monotypy.

Pternohyla Boulenger, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 10: 326. Type species: Pternohyla fodiens Boulenger, 1882, by monotypy. Synonymy by Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 106.

English Names

Mexican Treefrogs (Smilisca: Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 326; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 13; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 28; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 14; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 12; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 22; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 8; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 21; Frost, Lemmon, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 20).

Cross-banded Treefrogs (Smilisca: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 64).

Smiliscas (Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 16).

Burrowing Treefrogs (Pternohyla [no longer recognized]: Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 12; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 26 Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 13; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 13).

Burrowing Frogs (Pternohyla [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 63).

Middle American Treefrogs (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 14).

Distribution

Southern Arizona and extreme southern Texas (USA), south through the lowlands of Mexico (onto the central Plateau in Aguascalientes) to Central America and northwestern South America (exclusive of Amazon Basin).

Comment

For review see Duellman and Trueb, 1966, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 17: 281-375, and Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 585–618. Generic synonymy and key in Duellman, 1968, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 58: 1–2. Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 991–997, presented a cladogram for the species, showing that Smilisca is paraphyletic with respect to Pternohyla and Triprion, as well as systematic notes on the species. Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 349–357, provided a key and accounts for the species of Costa Rica. Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 106, placed Pternohyla in synonymy to prevent paraphyly of Smilisca as previously conceived (not the other way around as stated by Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 365). Wiens, Fetzner, Parkinson, and Reeder, 2005, Syst. Biol., 54: 25, considered Smilisca to be synonymous with a large but monophyletic Hyla. Lemos-Espinal and Dixon, 2013, Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí: 57–59, provided an account for San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

Contained taxa (9 sp.):

Smilisca baudinii (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)

Smilisca cyanosticta (Smith, 1953)

Smilisca dentata (Smith, 1957)

Smilisca fodiens (Boulenger, 1882)

Smilisca manisorum (Taylor, 1954)

Smilisca phaeota (Cope, 1862)

Smilisca puma (Cope, 1885)

Smilisca sila Duellman and Trueb, 1966

Smilisca sordida (Peters, 1863)

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