Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hemiphractus scutatus (Spix, 1824)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hemiphractidae > Genus: Hemiphractus > Species: Hemiphractus scutatus

Rana scutata Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 28. Type(s): Not designated although including animal figured in pl. 4, fig. 2 of the original publication, this image presumably being of the holotype that was ZSM 37/0, now lost; see Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 358-359, and Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 172, for discussion. Type locality: "in sylvis fluvii Solimoëns" = Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil.

Stombus scutatus — Gravenhorst, 1825, Isis von Oken, 1825: 920.

Hemiphractus spixii Wagler, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 743. Substitute name for Rana scutatus Spix, 1824.

Hemiphractus scutatus — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 205. Peters, 1862, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 146; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 452.

Hemiphractus divaricatus Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 114. Holotype: Stated as Smithsonian Institution (USNM) 6648; given as ANSP 4132, by Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 350. Type locality: "Napo and Maranon", Upper Amazon. Synonymy by Trueb, 1974, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 29: 42.

Hemiphractus divaricatus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 452.

Hemiphractus boulengeri Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 118. Holotype: Not designated, but BMNH 80.12.5.153 by implication and museum records. Type locality: "Equador". Synonymy by Myers and Carvalho, 1945, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 35: 19.

Hemiphractus scutatus — Trueb, 1974, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 29: 42.

English Names

Spix's Horned Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 53).

Distribution

Upper Amazon Basin in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and western Brazil; isolated reports in middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, central Amazonian Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Comment

Muñoz-Saravia, 2008, Herpetol. Rev., 39: 233, provided the first record for Bolivia (Nuevas Esperanza, Provincia Federico Román, Departamento Pando). Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 22, provided a brief account. Bernarde, Machado, and Turci, 2011, Biota Neotrop., 11: 117–144, reported specimens from Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre, Brazil. Moraes and Pavan, 2018, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 12(1: e51): 5–14, provided records from Pará, Brazil, and provided a spot map of the species.See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 124–125. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 80–81, provided a brief account, photograph, dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.