Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Limnonectes grunniens (Latreille, 1801)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Limnonectes > Species: Limnonectes grunniens

Rana grunniens Latreille In Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801 "An. X", Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 154. Type(s): 2 specimens in MNHNP; presumably one of these figured by Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 66, pl. 21; Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 341 and 382, noted that they were not conspecific and designated MNHNP 4461 as lectotype; this specimen was considered holotype by Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 37. See Stejneger, 1940, Copeia, 1940: 149–151, for discussion. Type locality: "la Florida et . . . les côtes de la Caroline" (in error); corrected to "Amboine", Indonesia, by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 382. (See discussion by Harper, 1940, Am. Midl. Nat., 23: 692–723, who regarded this as a senior synonym of Rana grylio.)

Rana subsaltans Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1: 35. Holotype: "museo Lampeano", animal figured on pl. 7 of Gravenhorst, 1829. Type locality: Not stated. Synonymy Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 380; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 24; Boulenger, 1918, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 1: 238.

Rana hydromedusa Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 40, 80. Types: MHNN, presumably. Type locality: "Ind. Orient." Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 380; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 24; and Boulenger, 1918, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 1: 240. Named as a synonym of "Rana grunniens Daud."

Rana histrionica Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 83. Substitute name for Rana hydromedusa ascribed to F. Boie.

Rana (Rana) grunniens — Boulenger, 1918, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 1: 236. Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 6; Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 172.

Dicroglossus grunniens — Deckert, 1938, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1938: 138.

Rana (Euphlyctis) grunniens — Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 239, by implication.

Euphlyctis grunniens — Poynton and Broadley, 1985, Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 124, by implication.

Limnonectes (Limnonectes) grunniens — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63.

English Names

Amboina Wart Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 100).

Distribution

Eastern Sulawesi, Molucca Islands, western and central New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), up to 1600 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Indonesia, Indonesia - Papua Region, Papua New Guinea, South Moluccas

Comment

In the Limnonectes (Limnonectes) grunniens group of Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63. Discussed by Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 172–173. The nomenclature and type designations are complex. See Harper, 1940, Am. Midl. Nat., 23: 692–723 (who regarded this as an older name for Rana grylio), Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 39; and Stejneger, 1940, Copeia, 1940: 149–151, and Menzies, 1987, Aust. J. Zool., 35: 373–418, for discussion. See identification table by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 84–86, to compare this species with other ranids of the Sunda Shelf region. Kraus and Allison, 2006, Herpetol. Rev., 37: 364–368, provided a range extension in Papua New Guinea to West Sepik Province. Menzies, 2006, Frogs New Guinea & Solomon Is.: 66–67, provided a brief account for New Guinea.

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