Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pristimantis phoxocephalus (Lynch, 1979)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Pristimantis > Species: Pristimantis phoxocephalus

Eleutherodactylus phoxocephalus Lynch, 1979, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 66: 29. Holotype: KU 142075, by original designation. Type locality: "Pilaló, Provincia Cotopaxi, Ecuador, 2340 m."

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) phoxocephalus — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 230.

Pristimantis phoxocephalus — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.

Pristimantis (Pristimantis) phoxocephalus — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 128.

Pristimantis (Huicundomantis) phoxocephalus — Páez and Ron, 2019, ZooKeys, 868: 27.

English Names

Cotopaxi Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 78).

Cotopaxi Rain Frog (Páez and Ron, 2019, ZooKeys, 868: 69).

Distribution

Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Pilaló, Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador, 2340 to 2820 m elevation. See comment regarding Peru records.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Ecuador

Endemic: Ecuador

Comment

In the Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus group, Eleutherodactylus lacrimosus assemblage, according to Heyer and Hardy, 1991, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 104: 444. See Duellman and Wiens, 1993, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 153: 1–53, for Peruvian records. See account by Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 122–124, who place it in the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) martinicensis series, Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus group. See account by Duellman and Pramuk, 1999, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas, 13: 1–78. Almendáriz C. and Orcés, 2004, Rev. Politécnica, Quito, 25: 127–128, provided distributional data for Ecuador. Duellman and Lehr, 2007, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas, 39: 1–13, briefly discussed the range. In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) unistrigatus species group of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 128. Not assignable to a species group according to Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 128. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 216–217, for account. Brito-M., Batallas-Revelo, and Yánez-Muñoz, 2017, Neotropical Biodiversity, 3: 125–156, provided a record of Pristimantis aff. phoxocephalus from Morona Santiago, Ecuador and brief natural history notes. In the Pristimantis (huicundomantis) phoxocephalus species group of Páez and Ron, 2019, ZooKeys, 868: 1–112, who provided an account, noting that specimens previously assigned to this species from Peru belong to species other than members of the subgenus Huicundomantis, and many of the previous records from Ecuador also apply to other species.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.