Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Sclerophrys pantherina (Smith, 1828)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Sclerophrys > Species: Sclerophrys pantherina

Bufo pantherinus Smith, 1828, S. Afr. Comm. Advert., 3: 2. Types: not designated. BMNH 1936.12.3.25 designated neotype by Poynton and Lambiris, 1998, Afr. J. Herpetol., 47: 7. Type locality: Found in moist situations in various parts of Africa . . . . Vicinity of Cape Town [Western Cape Province, South Africa]. Restricted to "vicinity of Cape Town", Western Cape Province, South Africa, by neotype designation.

Bufo cruciger Schmidt, 1846, Abh. Geb. Naturwiss. Hamburg, 1: 169. Holotype: ZMH, lost, according to Hallermann, 1998, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 95: 211. Type locality: "Cap der guten Hoffnung" (= Cape of Good Hope), Western Cape Province, Rep. South Africa. Synonymy by Poynton and Lambiris, 1998, Afr. J. Herpetol., 47: 3-12. Primary homonym of Bufo variabilis var. crucigera Eichwald, 1831 (= Bufo viridis).

Amietophrynus pantherinus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.

Sclerophrys pantherina — Ohler and Dubois, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e1553): 9.

English Names

Panther Toad (Bufo pantherinus: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Cape Toad (Bufo cruciger [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41).

Southern Panther Toad (Bufo pantherinus: Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 89).

Western Leopard Toad (Bufo pantherinus: De Villiers, 2004, in Minter et al. (eds.), Atlas Frogs S. Afr. Lesotho and Swaziland: 71; Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 148).

August Frog (Bufo pantherinus: De Villiers, 2004, in Minter et al. (eds.), Atlas Frogs S. Afr. Lesotho and Swaziland: 71 [secondary name]).

Leopard Toad (Bufo pantherinus: De Villiers, 2004, in Minter et al. (eds.), Atlas Frogs S. Afr. Lesotho and Swaziland: 71 [secondary name]).

Distribution

Southwestern Cape region from the Cape Peninsula to Gansbaai, Western Cape Province, Rep. South Africa.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: South Africa

Endemic: South Africa

Comment

See Poynton and Lambiris, 1998, Afr. J. Herpetol., 47: 3-12, for a discussion of characteristics (Bufo pardalis group = Bufo pantherinus group) and nomenclature as well as the literature problems surrounding the use of this name. Eick, Harley, and Cherry, 2001, J. Herpetol., 35: 113-114, provided molecular evidence for the distinctiveness of Bufo pantherinus and Bufo pardalis. Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 89, De Villiers, 2004, in Minter et al. (eds.), Atlas Frogs S. Afr. Lesotho and Swaziland: 71-74, and Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 148-149, provided accounts. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo pantherinus) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 189. Channing, Rödel, and Channing, 2012, Tadpoles of Africa: 133–134, reported on comparative tadpole morphology. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 66–67, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Stephens, Tolley, and da Silva, 2022, Conserv. Genetics, 23: 903–918, reported on inbreeding depression due to extreme habitat loss.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.