Rhinella alata (Thominot, 1884)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhinella > Species: Rhinella alata

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Western Panama through Chocoan western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador, with an apparently isolated population in southwestern Ecuador. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama

Comment

Tentatively placed in the synonymy of Rhinella acutirostris (as Bufo) by Hoogmoed, 1986, in Rocek (ed.), Studies in Herpetol.: 149. Formerly in the synonymy of "Bufo typhonius" according to Boulenger, 1885, Zool. Rec., 21: 17. Suggested to not be conspecific with Bufo acutirostris by Lötters and Köhler, 2000, Spixiana, München, 23: 300; removed from the synonymy of Rhinella acutirostris by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 19, who commented on the range in Venezuela. The diagnostic differences between this form and geographically proximate members of Rhinella are not well documented. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 9, disagreed with the separation of Rhinella alata (as Bufo) by La Marca, 1997, in La Marca (ed.), Vert. Actual. Fosil. Venezuela: 113, and Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 17, noted  that no specifically identified vouchers exist for Venezuela. See comment under Rhinella margaritifera. Hoogmoed, 1989, in Fontenet (ed.), Treballs Ictiol. Herpetol., 2: 170, recognized (as Bufo) Rhinella alata, but thought there a possibility that it is identical with Rhinella acutirostrisLynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2004, in Rangel-Ch. (ed.), Colombia Diversidad Biótica IV: 654, documented a number of localities in northern Colombia. Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 3, noted Venezuelan distribution and relevant literature and disagreed with the application of the name alatus to the northern Venezuelan form. On the basis of molecular and morphological data Santos, Ibáñez D., and Ron, 2015, ZooKeys, 501: 109–145, redelimited Rhinella alata to be restricted to Panama and Chocoan Colombia and Ecuador. In the Rhinella margaritifera clade, Rhinella margaritifera group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156. Armijos-Ojeda, Székely, Székely, Cogǎlniceanu, Cisneros-Heredia, Ordóñez-Delgado, Escudero, and Espinosa, 2021, ZooKeys, 1063: 37, provided a dot map for west-southwestern Ecuador. In the Rhinella margaritifera group, Rhinella acutirostris clade of  Fouquet, Ferrão, Rodrigues, Werneck, Prates, Moraes, Hrbek, Chaparro, Lima, Perez, Pansonato, Carvalho, Almeida, Gordo, Farias, Milto, Roberto, Rojas-Zamora, Ron, Guerra Batista, Recoder, Camacho, Mamani, Rainha, and Ávila, 2024, Syst. Biodiversity, 22 (1, 2291086): 1–29. 

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