Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope, 1862)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhaebo > Species: Rhaebo haematiticus

Bufo haematiticus Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 157. Syntypes: Not stated; USNM 48448–49 according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 34. Type locality: "Region of the Truando [Chocó], New Granada [Colombia]".

Bufo haematiticus var. lachrymans Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 158. Types: "Mus. Smithsonian, (No. 4344) Acad. Philada."; USNM 4344 considered a syntype according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 33, but ANSP specimen has not been located. Type locality: "Region of the Truando [Chocó], New Granada [Colombia]". Synonymy by Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 598.

Rhaebo haematiticus — Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 357.

Bufo (Rhaebo) haematiticusKeferstein, 1867, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 18: 353–354.

Bufo caeruleocellatus Fowler, 1913, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 65: 154. Holotype: ANSP 21092 (formerly 18069), according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 349. Type locality: "Bucay, province of Guayas, western Ecuador". Synonymy by Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 80, and Hoogmoed, 1989, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 250: 27.

Rhaebo haematiticusFrost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365. 

English Names

Truando Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).

Blackbelly Toad (Bufo melanogaster [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).

Distribution

Humid lowlands and premontane slopes from eastern Honduras (Caribbean slopes) and from southern Costa Rica (Pacific versant) south to northern Colombia (western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental and eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central) and adjacent Venezuela in the Sierra de Perijá, to northwestern Ecuador, sea level to 1300 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela

Comment

See Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 598–601, for account. For a recent range extension see Cruz-Díaz and Wilson, 1983, Herpetol. Rev., 14: 31. Barrio-Amorós, 2001, Herpetol. Rev., 32: 189, provided the Venezuela record. Lips and Savage, 1996, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 109: 17–26, included this species (as Bufo haematiticus) in a key to the tadpoles found in Costa Rica.See accounts by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 198–199, and McCranie and Wilson, 2002, Amph. Honduras: 177–179. Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 3, noted Venezuelan distribution and relevant literature. McCranie, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 38, summarized the departmental distribution in Honduras. See account by Mueses-Cisneros, 2009 "2008", Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 5: 29–48, who redelimited the species, named one new species out of the complex, identified another unnamed species from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, and provided a detailed account for the named species; see comments under Rhaebo hypomelas and Rhaebo andinophrynoides. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189–202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 115, compared this species to other toads in Central America and provided a range map and photograph. Sunyer, Martínez-Fonseca, Salazar-Saavedra, Galindo-Uribe, and Obando, 2014, Mesoam. Herpetol., 1: 165, provided records for the departments of Matagalpa and Chontales, Nicaragua. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 13–14, for remarks on distribution and literature and who suggested that the Venezuelan population might represent an unnamed species. Caicedo-Martínez, Castaño-Bernal, and Ramírez-Castaño, 2021, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 7: 81–89, provided a detailed account for the species in Colombia. Martínez-Fonseca, Holmes, Sunyer, Westeen, Grundler, Cerda, Fernández-Mena, Loza-Molina, Monagan, Nondorf, Pandelis, and Rabosky, 2024, Check List, 20: 64, provided a record from Refugio Bartola, Departamento Río San Juan, Nicaragua, 60 m elevation, and commented on mtDNA relationships. 

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