Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Peltophryne lemur Cope, 1869

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Peltophryne > Species: Peltophryne lemur

Peltaphryne lemur Cope, 1869 "1868", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 311. Holotype: USNM, not located and presumed lost. Type locality: "Porto Rico, W[est]. I[ndies]."

Bufo panayanus López-Seoane, 1890, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 3: 206. Types: Not stated, presumably originally in MNHNP. Type locality: "Yloilo (Panay)", Philippines; this considered erroneus by Boulenger, 1892, Zool. Rec., 27: 26, and who considered it synonymous with Bufo gutturosus; type locality corrected to Haiti or Santo Domingo by Stejneger, 1905, Science, 21: 472, who provided the synonymy. On the basis of the restricted type locality the synonymy is questionable (DRF).

Bufo lemur — Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 570.

Bufo turpis Barbour, 1917, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30: 102. Holotype: MCZ 4099, by original designation. Type locality: "Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands". Synonymy by Barbour, 1937, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 82: 97.

Bufo lemur lemur — Barbour, 1937, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 82: 97.

Bufo lemur turpis — Barbour, 1937, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 82: 97.

Bufo panayensis — Schwartz, Thomas, and Ober, 1978, Spec. Publ. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 5: 3. Error for Bufo panayanus.

Peltophryne lemur — Pregill, 1981, Copeia, 1981: 273; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Bufo lemur — Hedges, 1996, in Powell and Henderson (eds.), Contr. W. Indian Herpetol.: 100, by implication; Pramuk, 2000, J. Herpetol., 34: 334.

English Names

Lowland Caribbean Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 45).

Puerto Rican Crested Toad (USFWS; Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 187; Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 8).

Distribution

Puerto Rico, where known from a few widely scattered, lowland localities, including both the northern and southern coastal areas; and the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, below 50 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, British, Virgin Islands, U.S.

Comment

See Rivero, Mayorga, Estremera, and Izquierdo, 1981 "1980", Caribb. J. Sci., 15: 33-40. See comment under Bufo guentheri. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo lemur) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 187. See review by Diaz-Lameiro, Herrera, Barber, Powell, and Bird-Pico, 2010, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 878: 1-7. Henderson and Powell, 2009, Nat. Hist. Rept. Amph. W. Indies: 29, summarized the natural history literature (as Bufo lemur).

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.