Oreobates cruralis (Boulenger, 1902)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Oreobates > Species: Oreobates cruralis

Hylodes cruralis Boulenger, 1902, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 10: 396. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.15.70 (formerly 1901.8.2.44), according to J.D. Lynch in Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 283. Type locality: "La Paz, Bolivia, 4000 m."; considered to be in error by Lynch, 1989, Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol., 79: 9, but confirmed by De la Riva, 1990, Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 8: 261–319.

Eleutherodactylus cruralisStejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 582–583, by implication; Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 67; Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 51.

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) cruralisLynch, 1996, in Powell and Henderson (eds.), Contr. W. Indian Herpetol.: 154. Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 223.

"Eleutherodactylus" cruralisHeinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: 3.

Oreobates cruralisPadial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 749.

English Names

La Paz Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 74).

Distribution

Humid rainforests at the foot of the Andes from southeastern Peru to the Departamento Pando and La Paz, Bolivia (see comment).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Peru

Comment

In the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group of Lynch, 1989, Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol., 79: 1–25. See account by Lynch, 1989, Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol., 79: 7–9. Cei, 1987, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 21: 249–250, discussed characters that distinguish this species from Eleutherodactylus discoidalisMárquez, De la Riva, and Bosch, 1995, J. Zool., London, 237: 313–336, reported on vocalization in Bolivia. In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) conspicillatus series, Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group of Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 223. De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 45, suggested that Eleutherodactylus cruralis is a composite in Bolivia. Lavilla and Cei, 2001, Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 28: 105, noted that records of this species from Argentina are referable to Eleutherodactylus discoidalis. Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 114–115, provided a brief account and mentioned that the undescribed species confused in Bolivia with Eleutherodactylus cruralis is an undescribed member of the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group (now named as Eleutherodactylus ibischi—J. Köhler, personal comm.). Padial, Gonzales-Álvarez, Reichle, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2004, Graellsia, 60: 169, provided the record for Pando Department, Bolivia. Duellman, 2005, Cusco Amazonico: 266–267, provided (as Eleutherodactylus cruralis) an account (adultl morphology, description of the call, life history). Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092–10097, removed this species from nominal Eleutherodactylus but did not provide a new generic name. Padial, Köhler, Muñoz-Saravia, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 353–365, reported on acoustic variation among members of the "Eleutherodactylus" discoidalis group and suggested that nominal Eleutherodactylus discoidalis is composed of three species: one from the Amazonian slopes and adjacent lowlands, and two restricted to inter-Andean valleys in central Bolivia (of which one of these is now Oreobates granulosus). See account by Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 749–753. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 97–98, for brief account.

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