Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pristimantis fenestratus (Steindachner, 1864)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Pristimantis > Species: Pristimantis fenestratus

Hylodes fenestratus Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 249. Syntypes: NHMW 19940.1 (Río Mamoré) and 19940.2 (Borba), according to Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 21, and Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 25. Type locality: "Rio Mamoré, [Estado de Rondônia, Brazil,] und Borba [Estado do Amazonas]", Brazil.

Lithodytes cinereus Cope, 1885, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 23: 103. Types: Not stated or known to exist (not ASNP 14735, according to Dunn, 1949, Am. Mus. Novit., 1419: 350). Type locality: "Canutama, a distance of six hundred miles, and at Marrahan, a distance of seven hundred miles above its mouth on the Purus river", western Brazil. Synonymy, discussion of types and type locality by Lynch, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 254-256.

Eleutherodactylus fenestratus — Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 582-583, by implication.

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) fenestratus — Lynch, 1996, in Powell and Henderson (eds.), Contr. W. Indian Herpetol.: 154; Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 224.

Pristimantis fenestratus — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.

Pristimantis (Pristimantis) fenestratus — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120.

English Names

Rio Mamore Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 74).

Distribution

Amazon Basin of eastern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and Brazil east to about Manaus, 100–1800 m elevation; presumably to be found in extreme southeastern Colombia. Unnamed species in the complex as far east as Maranhão, Brazil. See comment.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, Peru

Likely/Controversially Present: Colombia

Comment

Lynch, 1980, Am. Mus. Novit., 2696: 6, discussed this species and removed it from the synonymy of Eleuthrodactylus griseus. Zimmerman, 1983, Herpetologica, 39: 235–246, and Zimmerman and Bogart, 1984, Acta Amazonica, 14: 473–520, reported on vocalization. Márquez, De la Riva, and Bosch, 1995, J. Zool., London, 237: 313–336, reported on vocalization in Bolivia. In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) conspicillatus series, Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group of Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 224. See comment under Eleutherodactylus bisignatus. Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 117–118, provided a brief account. Duellman, 2005, Cusco Amazonico: 267–269, provided an account (adultl morphology, description of the call, life history). In the Pristimantis conspicillatus species group of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120, and Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 125. Padial and De la Riva, 2009, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 155: 97–122, provided a range map and detailed the advertisement call. França and Venâncio, 2010, Biotemas, 23: 71–84, provided a record for the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, with a brief discussion of the range. Bernarde, Machado, and Turci, 2011, Biota Neotrop., 11: 117–144, reported specimens from Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre, Brazil. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 178–179, for brief account. Motta, Menin, Almeida, and Hrbek, 2018, Zootaxa, 4438: 79–104, on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence divergence suggested that this nominal species is composed of at least two species. Records from Acre, Pará, and Maranhão, Brazil, were excluded by Araujo de Oliveira, Penhacek, Guimarães, Nascimento, Rodrigues, and Hernández-Ruz, 2019, MtDNA, Part A, 30: 731–738, as applying to unnamed species, recognized on molecular evidence. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 78–79. Araujo de Oliveira, Silva, Guimarães, Penhacek, Martínez, Rodrigues, Santana, and Hernández-Ruz, 2020, PLoS One, 15 (3: e0229971): 1–28, reported on the advertisement call.

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