Hemidactylium scutatum (Temminck, 1838)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Hemidactylium > Species: Hemidactylium scutatum

Salamandra sinciput-albida Green, 1818, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1: 352. Holotype: Not stated or known to exist, although likely originally in ANSP. Type locality: "Newjersey", USA. Synonymy with Desmognathus fuscus by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 81. Considered to be a nomen dubium by Highton Tilley, and Wake in Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Green, Highton, Iverson, McDiarmid, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Tilley, and Wake, 2003, Herpetol. Rev., 34: 197. Pyron and Beamer, 2020, Zootaxa, 4838: 229, made this synonymy and considered this name a nomen oblitum

Salamandra frontalis Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 107. Substitute name for Salamandra sinciput-albida Green, 1818. Pyron and Beamer, 2020, Zootaxa, 4838: 229, made this synonymy and considered this name a nomen oblitum

Salamandra scutata Temminck in Temminck and Schlegel, 1838, Fauna Japonica, 3: 119. Holotype: RMNH 2301, according to Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 103–104. Type locality: "Nashville, [Davidson County,] Tenn[essee].", USA. Placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology by Opinion 1873, Anonymous, 1997, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 54: 140-141. See comments on authorship by Neill, 1963, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 2: 1–2 , and Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 111. 

Hemidactylium scutatumTschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 59, 94.

Salamandra melanosticta Gibbes, 1845, Boston J. Nat. Hist., 5: 89. Holotype: Not stated or known to exist. Type locality: "in Abbeville district, South Carolina . . . under old logs in open woods" (= Abbeville, Abbeville County, South Carolina), USA. Synonymy by Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 286, and Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 59.

Cotobotes scutatumGistel, 1848, Naturgesch. Thierr.: 11.

Desmodactylus scutatusDuméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 118.

Desmodactylus melanostictusDuméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 119.

Batrachoseps scutatusBoulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 59.

Hemidactylium scutatumDunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 196.

English Names

Scaly Lizard (Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 21).

Scaly Salamander (Hay, 1892, Annu. Rep. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res. Indiana for 1891: 440; Brimley, 1907, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 23: 153).

Eastern Four-toed Salamander (Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 306; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 42).

Four-toed Salamander (Jordan, 1878, Man. Vert. North. U.S., Ed. 2: 193; Davis and Rice, 1883, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1: 26; Hay, 1892, Annu. Rep. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res. Indiana for 1891: 440; Britcher, 1903, Proc. Onondaga Acad. Sci., Syracuse, 1: 120; Fowler, 1907, Annu. Rep. N.J. State Mus. for 1906: 52; Stejneger and Barbour, 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept.: 14; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 174; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 282; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 7; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 31; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 7; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 24; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 13; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 28; Powell, Conant, and Collins, 2016, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. North Am., 4th ed.: 73; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 29).

Distribution

Fairly continuous from extreme southern Maine (USA), extreme southern Quebec (Canada), extreme southern Ontario (Canada), and northern Wisconsin (USA), southward to the Fall Line in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee (USA); presumably disjunct populations occur in Nova Scotia (Canada), southwestern Mississippi, west-central Arkansas to southeastern Oklahoma, Ozarks of Missouri, southeastern Louisiana, Georgia, and northwestern Florida (USA).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Canada, United States of America, United States of America - Alabama, United States of America - Arkansas, United States of America - Connecticut, United States of America - Delaware, United States of America - Florida, United States of America - Georgia, United States of America - Illinois, United States of America - Indiana, United States of America - Kentucky, United States of America - Louisiana, United States of America - Maine, United States of America - Maryland, United States of America - Massachusetts, United States of America - Michigan, United States of America - Minnesota, United States of America - Mississippi, United States of America - Missouri, United States of America - New Hampshire, United States of America - New Jersey, United States of America - New York, United States of America - North Carolina, United States of America - Ohio, United States of America - Oklahoma, United States of America - Pennsylvania, United States of America - Rhode Island, United States of America - South Carolina, United States of America - Tennessee, United States of America - Vermont, United States of America - Virginia, United States of America - West Virginia, United States of America - Wisconsin

Comment

Reviewed by Neill, 1963, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 2: 1–2. See account by Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 290. Harris, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 780–781, provided a detailed account that summarized the biology and conservation literature. Burgason and Davis, 1978, Herpetol. Rev., 9: 21, provided a record for Maine. Casebere and Lodato, 2011, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 119: 111–129, discussed historical changes in range in Indiana, USA. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 252, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Herman and Bouzat, 2016, J. Biogeograph., 43: 666–678, reported on molecular phylogeography, recovering deep mtDNA clade diversity that is geographically coherent. Vick and Irwin, 2019, Herpetol. Rev., 50: 95, provided records in Arkansas, USA, and discussed habitat preference. 

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