Eurycea longicauda (Green, 1818)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Eurycea > Species: Eurycea longicauda

Salamandra longicauda Green, 1818, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1: 351. Type(s): Not known to exist according to Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 321. Type locality: "in the state of New-jersey", USA; rendered as "New Jersey (probably near Princeton)" by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 321; restricted by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 53, to "vicinity of Princeton, New Jersey", USA. This restriction regarded as invalid by Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 133. 

Salamandra longicaudataHarlan, 1835, Med. Phys. Res.: 96. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Cylindrosoma longicaudaTschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 58.

Salamandra longe-caudataTroost, 1840, Geol. Rep. Tennessee: 40. Incorrect subsequent spelling. 

Plethodon (Saurocercus) longicaudaFitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 35.

Spelerpes longicaudaBaird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 287.

Cylindrosoma longicaudatumDuméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 78.

Spelerpes longicaudusCope, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 13: 124.

Saurocercus longicaudaFitzinger, 1864, Bilder Altas Wissenschaftl. Naturgesch. Amph.: pl. 97, fig. 179.

Geotriton longicaudaGarman, 1884, Bull. Essex Inst., 16: 39.

Eurycea longicaudaStejneger and Barbour, 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept.: 19.

Eurycea longicauda longicaudaBailey, 1937, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 364: 8.

Eurycea longicauda pernix Mittleman, 1942, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 21: 101. Holotype: MCZ 25569, by original designation. Type locality: "Jimmie Strahl Creek (tributary of Salt Creek), Brown County State Park, two and five tenths miles southeast of Nashville, Brown County, Indiana", USA.

Eurycea (Eurycea) longicauda longicaudaRaffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 187.

Eurycea (Eurycea) longicaudaDubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 143.

English Names

Long-tailed Triton (Eurycea longicauda: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22; Hay, 1892, Annu. Rep. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res. Indiana for 1891: 446).

Long-tailed Salamander (Eurycea longicauda: Green, 1818, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1: 351; Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 107; De Kay, 1842, Zool. New York, 1(3): 76; Rhoads, 1895, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 47: 405; Fowler, 1907, Annu. Rep. N.J. State Mus. for 1906: 66; Brimley, 1907, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 23: 151; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 53; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 174; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 23; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 18; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 27; Powell, Conant, and Collins, 2016, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. North Am., 4th ed.: 56; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 27).

Longtail Salamander (Eurycea longicauda: Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 6; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 31; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 7; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 12).

Long-tailed Salamander (Eurycea longicauda longicauda: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 421; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 53; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 174; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 291; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 18).

Eastern Long-tailed Salamander (Eurycea longicauda longicauda: Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 27; Powell, Conant, and Collins, 2016, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. North Am., 4th ed.: 57; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 27).

Longtail Salamander (Eurycea longicauda: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 31; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 6; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 23).

Longtail Salamander (Eurycea longicauda longicauda: Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 12).

Cave Salamander (Eurycea longicauda: Jordan, 1878, Man. Vert. North. U.S., Ed. 2: 193; Davis and Rice, 1883, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1: 27).

Midland Long-tailed Salamander (Eurycea longicauda pernix: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 54; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 174).

Distribution

Southern New York and northern New Jersey southwestward through the Appalachian through Pennsylvania, Ohio, southern Indiana, eastern, and southern Illinois to southeastern Missouri, central and eastern Tennessee, northern Alabama, northeastern Mississippi, northwestern Georgia, extreme western North Carolina, western Virginia, and northern New Jersey, USA.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: United States of America, United States of America - Alabama, United States of America - Delaware, United States of America - Georgia, United States of America - Illinois, United States of America - Indiana, United States of America - Kansas, United States of America - Kentucky, United States of America - Maryland, United States of America - Missouri, United States of America - New Jersey, United States of America - New York, United States of America - North Carolina, United States of America - Ohio, United States of America - Pennsylvania, United States of America - Tennessee, United States of America - Virginia, United States of America - West Virginia

Endemic: United States of America

Comment

See account by Ireland, 1979, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 221: 1–4 (as including Eurycea guttolineata and Eurycea melanopleura). See Eurycea guttolineata and Eurycea melanopleura. Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 254–257, also provided a detailed account. Ryan and Conner, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 747–750, provided a detailed account that summarized the biology and conservation literature. Bonett, Steffen, Lambert, Wiens, and Chippindale, 2014 "2013", Evolution, 68: 473, recovered a molecular tree in which Eurycea longicauda longicauda is more closely related to Eurycea junaluska than to Eurycea longicauda melanopleura, suggesting that careful evaluation of the possibility that the two nominal subspecies are two species rather than sections of geographic variation of one species. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 248–249, provided brief accounts by subspecies, photographs, and map. Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 111–112, provided an account of larval morphology and biology. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 563–564, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map), and on the basis of Bonett et al's (2013: 583) tree recognizes Eurycea melanopleura as a distinct species with a hybrid zone from southwestern Illinois to northeastern Arkansas. Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 33, noted the current location of paratypes of Eurycea longicauda pernix

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