Rhacophorus pardalis Günther, 1858

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Rhacophorus > Species: Rhacophorus pardalis

Rhacophorus pardalis Günther, 1858, Arch. Naturgesch., 24: 325. Syntypes: BMNH (6 specimens) according to Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 83, of which five are BMNH 1844.10.17.58 (now renumbered 1947.2.9.3), 1856.9.27.5 (now renumbered 1947.2.9.4–5), 1933.9.10.33 (now renumbered 1947.2.9.1), 1933.9.10.34 (now renumbered 1947.2.9.2) by museum records. Type localities: "Philippinen" and "Borneo"; later rendered as "Philippines", "Borneo", and "East Indies" by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 83, but subsequently rendered as "Borneo" and "Philippines" by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 91.

Rhacophorus rizali Boettger, 1897, Abh. Ber. Zool. Anthropol. Ethnograph. Mus. Dresden, 7: 1. Holotype: MTD 1537, destroyed according to Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002, Herpetol. Monogr., 16: 81. Type locality: "Dapitan auf Mindanao (Philippines)". Synonymy Boulenger, 1898, Zool. Rec., 34: 30; Taylor, 1920, Philipp. J. Sci., 16: 221; Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 160; Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 204; Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 370.

Rhacophorus pulchellus Werner, 1900, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 13: 495. Types: NHMB 1186 according to Forcart, 1946, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 57: 131; reported as NHMB 1187 by Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002, Herpetol. Monogr., 16: 81. Type locality: "Djapura, Indragiri", Sumatra, Indonesia. Synonymy by Roux, 1918, Rev. Suisse Zool., 26: 415; Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 263; Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 207.

Polypedates pardalisTaylor, 1920, Philipp. J. Sci., 16: 281.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) pardalisAhl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 160; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 77.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) pulchellusAhl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 166.

Rhacophorus pardalis pardalisWolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 204.

Rhacophorus pardalis pulchellusWolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 207. Distinction from Rhacophorus pardalis pardalis rejected by Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 371–372.

Rhacophorus pardalis rhyssocephalus Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 206. Holotype: MTD 786, destroyed according to Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002, Herpetol. Monogr., 16: 81. Type locality: "Sangi", Indonesia.

Rhacophorus rhyssocephalusInger and Voris, 2001, J. Biogeograph., 28: 886. Undiscussed arrangement.

English Names

Panther Flying Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 114).

Harlequin Treefrog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 160; Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 165).

Harlequin Tree Frog (Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 438).

Gliding Tree Frog (Gaulke, 2011, Herpetofauna Panay Island: 116).

Panther Flying Treefrog (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 61). 

Distribution

Peninsular Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, and Philippines.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah), Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Philippines, Thailand

Comment

In the Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) pardalis group of Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 77; see comment under Rhacophorus for dissenting opinion regarding the recognition of this group. See Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 330–333 (who discussed subspecific variation), and Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 105–106, for accounts. See account by Brown and Alcala, 1994, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 48: 209. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 133–134. See account by Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002, Herpetol. Monogr., 16: 81–82. Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 216–217, provided an account. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 160–161, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 165, provided a brief description for Sarawak. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 81, provided a photograph and brief account. Gaulke, 2011, Herpetofauna Panay Island: 116–118, provided a brief account for Panay Island, Philippines. See brief notes for Mindanao, Philippines, by Sanguila, Cobb, Siler, Diesmos, Alcala, and Brown, 2016, ZooKeys, 624: 53–54. Haas, Kueh, Joseph, bin Asri, Das, Hagmann, Schwander, and Hertwig, 2018, Evol. Syst., 2: 89–114, provided a brief account of morphology and natural history for the Sabah population. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 438–439, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). O'Connell, Hamidy, Kurniawan, Smith, and Fujita, 2018, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 123: 101–112, discussed molecular phylogeography regarding the population on Sumatra. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 391–393, summarized the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration. Meneses, Siler, Alviola, Balatibat, Gonzalez, Natividad, and Brown, 2022, Check List, 18: 941–984, discussed its habitat on Sibuyan I, Philippines. 

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