Hylarana gracilis (Gravenhorst, 1829)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Hylarana > Species: Hylarana gracilis

Rana gracilis Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1: 45. Holotype: Frog figured in plate 8, fig. 3 of Gravenhorst, 1829; stated to be in "museo Lampeano". Type locality: Not stated; given as "Sri Lanka" by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 123; and "Ceylon" by Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 158. Population from "Nachchaduwa, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka" considered to exhibit the characteristics of the holotype figured, according to Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014, Contr. Zool., Amsterdam, 83: 323.  

Lymnodytes macularius Blyth, 1855 "1854", J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 23: 299. Types: Not stated; stated to not be in the museum (presumably ZSIC) by Theobald, 1868, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 37: 84; ZSIC 10037 is holotype according to Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 8. Type locality: "Ceylon" (= Sri Lanka). Synonymy by Boulenger, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Rept. Batr.: 456; Sclater, 1892, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892: 345; Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 141.

Hylorana maculariaGünther, 1864, Rept. Brit. India: 425.

Limnodytes macularius — Theobald, 1868, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 37: 84.

Rana maculariaBoulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 60.

Rana (Hylorana) gracilisBoulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 127–130.

Rana (Hylorana) gracilis gracilisRao, 1922, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 28: 439.

Rana (Hylarana) gracilisDubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, by implication.

Rana (Sylvirana) gracilisDubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326.

Hylarana gracilisChen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237, by implication; Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 3; by implication; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 423. 

Sylvirana gracilisFrost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 370; Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 34. See comment under Ranidae record.

Hydrophylax gracilis — Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 190. 

English Names

Gravenhorst's Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 107).

Sri Lanka Wood Frog (de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 90).

Gravenhorst's Golden-backed Frog (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014, Contr. Zool., Amsterdam, 83: 323). 

Distribution

Widely distributed in Sri Lanka below 500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Sri Lanka

Endemic: Sri Lanka

Comment

Prior to the revision of Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, placed in the Section Hylarana, subsection Hydrophylax, subgenus Sylvirana of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326. See accounts by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 141; Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 48–49; and See account by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 123–126. South India records are referable to Rana malabarica and Rana temporalis; southeastern Asian records are referable to the Limnonectes limnocharis complex according to Dutta, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 493. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 158–159, provided range, systematic comments, and partial taxonomic bibliography. de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 90, provided a brief account and color photograph. Bopage, Wewelwala, Krvavac, Jovanovic, Safarek, and Pushpamal, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 173–177, reported the species in lowland forest in the Kanneliya Forest of southwestern Sri Lanka. In the Hylarana malabarica group of Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014, Contr. Zool., Amsterdam, 83: 269–335, who provided an account. 

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