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| Search tool | Example of search string in box | What that means to the database |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | Hyl* | Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | *Hyla | Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
| Hyla | Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
| Strings of words without quotation marks | Lithobates pipiens | Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
| Strings of word with quotation marks | "Lithobates pipiens" | Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
| AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND | Lithobates AND pipiens | Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
| OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR | Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" | Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
| Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) | Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri | Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
| Printable HELP file |
| [hide] |
|---|
| Search tool | Example of search string in box | What that means to the database |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | Hyl* | Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. |
| * = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string | *Hyla | Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla |
| Single word | Hyla | Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor |
| Strings of words without quotation marks | Lithobates pipiens | Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens |
| Strings of word with quotation marks | "Lithobates pipiens" | Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex. |
| AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND | Lithobates AND pipiens | Same as "Lithobates pipiens" |
| OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR | Lithobates OR "Costa Rica" | Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica |
| Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) | Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri | Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records |
| Printable HELP file |
Phrynomerinae Noble, 1931
5 species
Brachymeridae Günther, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858: 347. Type genus: Brachymerus Smith, 1847.
Phrynomerinae Noble, 1931, Biol. Amph.: 538. Type genus: Phrynomerus Noble, 1926.
Phrynomeridae — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 9. Bossuyt and Roelants, 2009, in Hedges and Kumar (eds.), Timetree of Life: 358.
Phrynomantini Burton, 1986, Rec. S. Aust. Mus., 19: 444. Type genus: Phrynomantis Peters, 1867. See comment under Callulops (Asterophryinae).
English Names
None noted.
Distribution
Subsaharan Africa.
Comment
See Dubois, 1988, Alytes, 7: 1-5, for a discussion of the taxonomic literature and nomenclature. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, provided a hypothesis of placement of Phrynomantis within Microhylidae and did not recognize Phrynomerinae because of the lack of any necessity to do so. Bossuyt and Roelants, 2009, in Hedges and Kumar (eds.), Timetree of Life: 357-364, considered this taxon a distinct family based on its suggested Mesozoic origin. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences suggested that Phrynomerinae is the sister taxon of remaining microhylids.
Contained taxa (5 sp.):
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