Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Melanobatrachus indicus Beddome, 1878

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Melanobatrachinae > Genus: Melanobatrachus > Species: Melanobatrachus indicus

Melanobatrachus indicus Beddome, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878: 722. Syntypes: Including ZSIC 10969 (according to evidence provided by Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 104, although not so considered by Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 22), and BMNH 1878.9.3.1 (now reregistered 1947.2.14.48) according to Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 198, and museum records. Type locality: "Anamallays and the Ghats range to the south of those mountains, . . . in moist evergreen forests of 4000 feet elevation", India.

English Names

Kerala Hills Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 90).

Black Microhylid (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 98).

Malabar Black Narrow-mouthed Frog (Ishwar, 2000, Hamadryad, 25: 50; Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 64).

Black Narrow-mouthed Frog (Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 121).

Orange Black Tubercled Indian Microhylid (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 50).

Orange Black Indian Microhylid (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 7).

Distribution

Elevations of 1000 to 1500 m in wet evergreen forest of the Western Ghats, south of 13° N latitude, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, southern India.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India

Endemic: India

Comment

For discussion and new records see Daltry and Martin, 1997, Hamadryad, 22: 57–58, and Ishwar, 2000, Hamadryad, 25: 50–51. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 9, discussed the range. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 58, and Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 36, provided brief accounts. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 121–122, provided an account. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 453. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted no larval descriptions in the literature. A very brief characterization and dot map provided by Subramanian, Dinesh, and Radhakrishnan, 2013, Atlas of Endemic Amph. W. Ghats: 69. Sivaprasad, 2013, Common Amph. Kerala: 86–87, provided a brief account, photograph, and dot map for Kerala, India. Agashe, Ghosh, Dilshad, Sil, and Datta-Roy, 2023, J. Threatened Taxa, 15: 22900–22904, provided new records, a dot map, and discussed the range and natural history.

External links:

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.