Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hyperoliidae > Subfamily: Hyperoliinae > Genus: Hyperolius > Species: Hyperolius viridiflavus

Eucnemis viridi-flavus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 528. Syntypes: MNHNP 412 and 4599 (according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 57) and NHMW 22896 (according to Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 16, and Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 21). The status of these is questionable as measurements are provided for only one specimen in the original publication (holotype?) and Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 40, reported only MNHNP 412 (2 specimens) as syntypes. Type locality: "Abyssinie"; noted as "dans les prairies d'Adoua" (now Adwa), Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia, by Guichenot, 1851, In Murs et al. (Eds.), Voy. Abyssinie, Part 4, Vol. 6: 219. 

Hyperolius viridiflavusGünther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 85; Noble, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 49: 252, 330; Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 319.

Rappia bayoni Boulenger, 1911, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 5: 168. Syntypes: MSNG and BMNH 1947.2.9.32–36 (formerly 1906.5.30.48–52) and 1947.2.9.37–40 (formerly 1911.7.8.22–26) according to museum records, as well as including MCZ 3232, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 333; MSNG 29404A designated lectotype by Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 218. Type localities: "Entebbe", "Bussu", "Bululo", "Mbale", "Jinja", and "Kabulamuliro", Uganda. Synonymy (with Hyperolius viridiflavus) by Laurent, 1950, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 64: 76. Considered a subspecies of Hyperolius viridiflavus by Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 91. Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1971, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 134: 191; and Wieczorek, Drewes, and Channing, 2001, Amphibia-Reptilia, 22: 159.

Hyperolius bayoniNoble, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 49: 252, 324.

Hyperolius kwidjwiensis Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 38. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered according to the original publication; ZMB ZMB 52449 is holotype according to by Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 441. Type locality: "Insel Kwidjwi [=Kwidjwi Island] im Kivu-See [in Lake Kivu]", Dem. Rep. Congo. Synonymy with Hyperolius kivuensis by Loveridge, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 379, with Hyperolius viridiflavus schubotzi by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390; Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 296, appeared a few weeks later according to  Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius variabilis Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 39. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered according to the original publication; ZMB 36122 is the holotype according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407; MCZ 17648 (on exchange from ZMB) is a cotype according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 131 in this context a paratype. Type locality: "Deutsch-Ost-Afrika . . . Bukoba", Tanzania. Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 193. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 297, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius punctatissimus Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 41. Syntypes: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB39013, 43553, 43584–43590, 79402 79403–79439, 80407 (formerly part of ZMB 39013) according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 433. Type locality: "Bukoba", Tanzania. Synonymy (with Hyperolius variabilis) by Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 67. Synonymy with Hyperolius viridiflavus variabilis by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 90. (This disputed by Loveridge, 1957, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 117: 330, who regarded it as a synonym of Hyperolius striolatus.) Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 41. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 299, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius kandti Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 62. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 46526 is holotype according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 426. Type locality: "Kivu-See" (= Lake Kivu). Former synonymy with Hyperolius kivuensis by Loveridge, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 379. Synonymy with Hyperolius viridiflavus kwidjwiensis by Laurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 6. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 326, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450. 

Hyperolius schubotzi Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 63. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; not currently located according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 441. Type locality: "Kissenji", Rwanda. Synonymy by Laurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 1–8; Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 328, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius wettsteini Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 70. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 36122 is holotype according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 437. Type locality: "Bukoba", Tanzania. Synonymy (with Hyperolius variabilis) by Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 67. Synonymy with Hyperolius viridiflavus variabilis by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 393; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 90. Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 193. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 343, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450. 

Hyperolius phrynoderma  Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 71. Syntypes: ZMB (originally 5 specimens) unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 39000 and ZMB 77734–77736 (formerly part of ZMB 39000) are syntypes according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 431–432. MCZ 17643 (on exchange from ZMB) is a syntype, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 130). Type locality: "Zentrales Deutsch-Ostafrika"; suggested to be northeastern Tanzania by  Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 431–432.. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius rossi by Loveridge, 1936, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 79: 372. Considered a provisional synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus taeniatus by Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 83.  

Hyperolius karissimbiensis  Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 75. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 46525 is holotype according to  Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407. Type locality: "Bambusurwald und Waldwiesen ca. 2400 m och, beim dorf des Mhcabu Gahama am Karissimbi", Kivu, Rwanda. Considered a subspecies of Hyperolius viridiflavus by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 393; Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 348, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius mohasicus Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 85. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 36094 is holotype according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 429. Type locality: "Mohasi-See, Ruanda" (= Lake Mohasi, Rwanda). Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 193. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius variabilis) by Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 67. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius rossi by Loveridge, 1936, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 79: 372. In the synonymy of Hyperolius viridiflavus variabilis according to Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 393; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 90. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 360 appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius multicolor Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 94. Holotype: ZMB 39010, according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 429. . Type locality: "Karissimbi, 2400 m", Rwanda. Synonymy (with Hyperolius karissimbiensis) by Laurent, 1950, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 64: 76. Synonymy (with Hyperolius marmoratus karissimbiensis) by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 394. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 367, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius macrodactylus Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 95. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 52449 is the holotype according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 427. Type locality: "Kivu-See". Synonymy with Hyperolius schubotzi by Loveridge, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 379. Synonymy with Hyperolius viridiflavus kwidjwiensis by Laurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 6. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 368, appeared a few weeks later according to  Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius flavoguttatus Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 96. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 39011 is the holotype according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 422; MCZ 17635 (on exchange from ZMB, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 128) is presumably a paratype, not a syntype. Type locality: "Bukoba bis Kenia", Tanzania. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius viridiflavus variabilis by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 393; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 90. Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 193. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 343, appeared a few weeks later according to   Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius monticola Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 102. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 39010 is holotype according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 429. Type locality: "Niansa, Ruanda, 1500 m hoch", Nyanza District, Southern Province, Rwanda. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius variabilis) by Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 67. In the synonymy of Hyperolius marmoratus variabilis according to Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 393. Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 193. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 376, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius oculatus Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 103. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 58570 is the holotype according to  Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 431. Type locality: "Balaibo am Duki-Ufer" (Duki River is now Shari River), northeastern Dem. Rep. Congo. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius rossi by Loveridge, 1936, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 79: 372. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius burgeoni by Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 67. Considered a synonym of Hyperolius viridiflavus pachyderma by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 92. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 377, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450. Dehling, 2015, Herpetozoa, Wien, 28: 39–47, noted that the types of Hyperolius pachydermus are conspecific with Hyperolius papyri, a member of the Hyperolius nasutus group, and explained how the name Hyperolius oculatus remains a synonym of Hyperolius viridiflavus

Hyperolius stuhlmanni Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 113. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 13008, according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 435. Type locality: "Vitschumbi (Südende des Albert-Eduard-Sees)". Placed in synonymy of Hyperolius viridiflavus bayoni by Laurent, 1948 "1947", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 11, 14: 288–294; Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 91. Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 191. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 395, appeared a few weeks later according to Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius irregularis Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 396. Syntypes: ZMB (2 specimens) unnumbered, according to the original publication. Type locality: "Mohasi-See, Ruanda". Synonymy by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 193. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius rossi by Loveridge, 1936, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 79: 372. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius variabilis) by Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 67. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius viridiflavus variabilis by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 393; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 90. The description in Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 114, appeared a few weeks later according to  Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius koehli Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 121. Holotype: ZMB unnumbered, according to the original publication; ZMB 26089, according to Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 91, and Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 427. Type locality: "Kissenji", Rwanda. Former synonymy (with Hyperolius kivuensis) by Loveridge, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 379. Synonymy (with Hyperolius viridiflavus schubotzi) by Laurent, 1950, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 64: 93. The description in Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 405, appeared a few weeks later according Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450.

Hyperolius taeniolatus Laurent, 1940, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 34: 1–7. Holotype: MRAC 39471 by original designation. Type locality: "Lacs Mokoto", Dem. Rep. Congo. Preoccupied by Hyperolius taeniolatus Bocage, 1895. Synonymy (with Hyperolius viridiflavus coerulescens) by Laurent, 1950, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 64: 96. Considered a synonym of Hyperolius viridiflavus by Laurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 8. Placed in the synonymy of Hyperolius variabilis) by Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 67. Preoccupied by Rappia marmorata var. taeniolata Bocage, 1895 (= Hyperolius marmoratus taeniolatus of Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390).

Hyperolius ornatus Laurent, 1940, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 34: 4. Holotype: MRAC 3836, by original designation. Type locality: "Rutshuru", near Lake Kirwa, Kivu, Dem. Rep. Congo. Synonymy with Hyperolius schubotzi by Loveridge, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 91: 379, 399. Synonymy (with Hyperolius viridiflavus bayoni) by Laurent, 1950, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 64: 76; Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390. Synonymy with Hyperolius viridiflavus by Laurent, 1972, Explor. Parc Natl. Virunga, Ser. 2, 22: 84.

Hyperolius schubotzi ruandensis Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 129. Holotype: MRAC 38371, by original designation. Type locality: "Nyakatare (Ruanda [= Rwanda])". Synonymy with Hyperolius viridiflavus variabilis by Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93.

Hyperolius ornatus taeniolatusLaurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 131.

Hyperolius destefanii Scortecci, 1943, in Zavattari (ed.), Miss. Biol. Sagan–Omo, 7(Zool. 1): 321. Holotype: MSNM, but likely now lost, according to Conci, 1967, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 106: 94, and Blackburn and Scali, 2014, Herpetol. Monogr., 28: 37. Type locality: "Nargi", 04° 48′ N, 36° 08′ E, Ethiopia. A member of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies according to Schiøtz, 1999, Treefrogs Afr.: 208.

Hyperolius viridiflavus coerulescens Laurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 8. Replacement name for Hyperolius taeniolatus Laurent, 1940.

Hyperolius viridiflavus kwidjwiensisLaurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 6.

Hyperolius viridiflavus viridiflavusLaurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 8; Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 40; Loveridge, 1957, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 117: 324; Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 188.

Hyperolius viridiflavus bayoniLaurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 8; Laurent, 1950, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 64: 85.

Hyperolius viridiflavus schubotziLaurent, 1947, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 23: 1–8; Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 41; Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93.

Hyperolius karissimbiensis xanthogrammus Laurent, 1950, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 44: 9. Holotype: MRAC unnumbered by original designation. Type locality: "Cyumba, Marais de la Mulindi (Alt. 1. 950 m.), Territoire de Biumba, Ruanda [= Rwanda]". Transfer to subspecies of Hyperolius viridiflavus by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 394.

Hyperolius karissimbiensis françoisi Laurent, 1950, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 44: 10. Holotype: MRAC unnumbered by original designation. Type locality: "Bururi (Alt. 1.850–1.950 m.), Urundi". Transfer to subspecies of Hyperolius viridiflavus by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 394.

Hyperolius karissimbiensis intermedius Laurent, 1950, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 44: 11. Holotype: MRAC unnumbered by original designation. Type locality: "Marais Rugushu, Kayanza (Alt. 1.900 m.), Territoire de Ngozi, Urundi [Burundi]". Transferred to subspecies of Hyperolius viridiflavus by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 394. Considered a junior synonym of Hyperolius viridiflavus francoisi by Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93.

Hyperolius viridiflavus hybridus Laurent, 1951, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 44: 375. Holotype: MRAC unnumbered, according to the original publication. Type locality: "Estand de la Mukura, 1.700 m., près d'Astrida, Ruanda".

Hyperolius viridiflavus xanthogrammusLaurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 41; Laurent, 1972, Explor. Parc Natl. Virunga, Ser. 2, 22: 85.

Hyperolius viridiflavus variabilisLaurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 41; Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93.

Hyperolius kandiLaurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 393. Typographic error.

Hyperolius viridiflavus xanthogrammusLaurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 394.

Hyperolius viridiflavus françoisiLaurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 394.

Hyperolius viridiflavus intermediusLaurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 394.

Hyperolius bayoniLoveridge, 1957, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 117: 326.

Hyperolius viridiflavus ornatusLaurent, 1972, Explor. Parc Natl. Virunga, Ser. 2, 22: 4, 84.

Hyperolius viridiflavus mwanzae Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 194. Holotype: ZMUC R078836, by original designation. Type locality: "swamp north of Mwanza, Tanzania".

Hyperolius viridiflavus karissimbiensisLaurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93.

Hyperolius viridiflavus francoisiLaurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93.

Hyperolius mwanzaePickersgill, 2007, Frog Search: 418; Schiøtz, 1999, Treefrogs Afr.: 42–46.

English Names

Common Reed Frog (Hyperolius viridiflavus: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 68; Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 186).

Common Tree Frog (Hyperolius viridiflavus: Lötters, Wagner, Bwong, Schick, Malonza, Muchai, Wasonga, and Veith, 2007, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Kakamega Forest: 34).

Kenyan Reed Frog (Hyperolius viridiflavus: Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 74).

Tigoni Reed Frog (Hyperolius destefani [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 67).

Distribution

East Africa in eastern Dem. Rep. Congo; Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, western and southern Tanzania, southern Kenya, western Ethiopia almost to the Eritrea border, and southern Somalia, and southeastern South Sudan into extreme southern Sudan; expected in eastern Central African Republic. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Burundi, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

Likely/Controversially Present: Central African Republic, Sudan

Comment

In the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies according to Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 172. See also Schiøtz, 1971, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 134: 21–76; and Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1–93. See general discussion of the Hyperolius viridiflavus–parallelus–marginatus group by Schiøtz, 1999, Treefrogs Afr.: 206–228, and specifically (including the forms he calls Pachydermus, Viridiflavus, Bayoni, Destefanii, Variabilis, Coerulescens, Karissimbiensis, Françoisi, and Mwanzae), although this has been modified by subsequent authors; see particularly Hyperolius glandicolor. See comments under Hyperolius marmoratus. See account of Ethiopian population by Largen, 1998, Tropical Zool., 11: 61–82. Wieczorek, Drewes, and Channing, 2000, J. Biogeograph., 27: 1241, provided a map and a considerable altered concept of this species. Lanza, 1990, Biogeographia, 14: 411, noted the occurrence of this species in southern Somalia. Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 186, and Lötters, Wagner, Bwong, Schick, Malonza, Muchai, Wasonga, and Veith, 2007, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Kakamega Forest: 34–36, provided accounts. See account, photograph, and map for Ethiopia by Largen and Spawls, 2010, Amph. Rept. Ethiopia Eritrea: 118–120. Channing, Rödel, and Channing, 2012, Tadpoles of Africa: 227, provided information on comparative larval morphology. Dehling and Sinsch, 2019, Zool. Anz., 280: 65–77, reported on the evolution of larval and adult morphospace in the Central African Albertine Rift, including this species which they considered to be in the Hyperolius viridiflavus group. Spawls, Wasonga, and Drewes, 2019, Amph. Kenya: 25, provided a range map for Kenya, photograph, and brief characterization. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 170–171, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. See Hyperolius houyi, Hyperolius pustulifer, which may be synonyms. Mali, Chifundera, Mlungu, Mizani, Katuala, Mbalitini, Ewango, Tungaluna, and Akaibe, 2019, Am. J. Zool., 2: 18–27, reported on specimens of nominal Hyperolius rossii from Nord-Kivu, Dem. Rep. Congo. Kako-Wanzalire, Mongo, Ilonga, Mapoli, Mbumba, Neema, Tungaluna, Itoka, and Bogaert, 2021, Tropicultura, 39 (1: 1709): 1–19, briefly discussed habitat preference in northeastern Dem. Rep. Congo. Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 407–450, briefly discussed the ZMB types of Hyperolius flavoguttatus, Hyperolius kandti, Hyperolius karissimbiensis, Hyperolius koehli, Hyperolius kwidjwiensis, Hyperolius macrodactylus, Hyperolius mohasicus, Hyperolius monticola, Hyperolius multicolor, Hyperolius oculatus, Hyperolius phrynoderma, Hyperolius punctatissimus, Hyperolius schubotzi, Hyperolius stuhlmanni, Hyperolius variabilis, and Hyperolius wettsteini, their literature and provenance. Channing, 2022, Zootaxa, 5134: 301–354, discussed the systematics, reidentified a number of GenBank sequences, restricted the range by excluding a number of populations, provided a range map, molecular tree, and a summary of the color patterns for all of the named taxa in the synonymy, and characterized the advertisement call. Dehling and Sinsch, 2023, Diversity, 15 (512): 1–81, discussed the range, identification, natural history, advertisement call, and conservation status in Rwanda. Behangana, Byaruhanga, Magala, Katumba, Kagurusi, Dendi, and Luiselli, 2023, Wetlands, 43(88): 1–13, reported on presence in the wetlands of southwestern Uganda.  

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