Trachycephalus Tschudi, 1838

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Trachycephalus
18 species

Trachycephalus Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 33, 74. Type species: Trachycephalus nigromaculatus Tschudi, 1838, by monotypy.

Phrynohyas Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 30. Type species: Hyla zonata Spix, 1824 (= Rana venulosa Laurenti, 1768), by original designation. Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by Anonymous, 1958, Opin. Declar. Internatl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 19: 172. Synonymy by Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 111.

Acrodytes Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 30. Type species: Hyla venulosa Daudin, 1802 (= Rana venulosa Laurenti, 1768), by original designation. Name suppressed for purposes of Priority but not Homonymy by Anonymous, 1958, Opin. Declar. Internatl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 19: 169.

Scytopis Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 354. Type species: Scytopis hebes Cope, 1862, by monotypy. Synonymy with Acrodytes by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 365. Synonymy with Phrynohyas by Duellman, 1971, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 4: 11.

Scytopsis — Knauer, 1878, Naturgesch. Lurche: 112. Subsequent misspelling of Scytopis

Tetraprion Stejneger and Test, 1891, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 14: 167. Type species: Tetraprion jordani Stejneger and Test, 1891, by original designation. Synonymy with Diaglena by Boulenger, 1891, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 8: 456. Synonymy with Trachycephalus by Trueb, 1970, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: 601.

English Names

Casque-headed Treefrogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 65).

Marbled Treefrogs (Phrynohyas [no longer recognized]: Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 25).

Golden-eyed Treefrogs (Phrynohyas [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 61).

Milk Frogs (Phrynohyas [no longer recognized]: Trade name).

Casque-headed Canopy Treefrogs (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 14). 

Distribution

Lowlands of Mexico, Central and South America east of the Andes, south to northern Argentina and eastern Brazil.

Comment

For review of Trachycephalus prior to the synonymy of Phrynohyas see Trueb, 1970, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: 546-716. For a review of Phrynohyas genus see Duellman, 1971, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 4: 1-21. In Lophyohylini of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 107. Smith, Arif, Nieto-Montes de Oca, and Wiens, 2007, Evolution, 61: 2075-2085, and Moen and Wiens, 2009, Evolution, 63: 195-214, recognized the nonmonophyletic Phrynohyas with no comment. Dewynter, Marty, Courtois, Blanc, Gaucher, Martinez, and Fouquet, 2016, Cah. Fondation Biotope, 7: 1–16, provided an illustrated key to the species of French Guiana. Silva, Carvalho, Pereira Silva, Fadel, Dantas, Brandão, and Santana, 2020, Biota Neotrop., 20 (1: e20190838): 17, reported an unnamed species with an unpaired vocal sac from the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Blotto, Lyra, Cardoso, Rodrigues, Dias, Marciano, Vechio, Orrico, Brandão, Assis, Lantyer-Silva, Rutherford, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Solé, Baldo, Nunes, Cajade, Torres, Grant, Jungfer, Silva, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Cladistics, 37: 36–72, reported on the molecular phylogenetics of this group as well as its placement within the lophiohylines. 

Contained taxa (18 sp.):

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