Hylinae Rafinesque, 1815

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae
750 species

Hylarinia Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse Nat.: 78. Type genus: Hylaria Rafinesque, 1814 (an unjustified emendation of Hyla Laurenti, 1768).

Hylina Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., London, Ser. 2, 10: 213. Type genus: Hyla Laurenti, 1768. Suggested as a subfamily.

HyladaeBoie, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 363.

HylenaeGray, 1829, Isis von Oken, 22: 203.

HyladinaBonaparte, 1838, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 22): 117; Bonaparte, 1838, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, 1: 393; Bonaparte, 1840, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, 4: 100 (p. 11 in offprint); Bonaparte, 1840, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 2: 394.

HylaeTschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 25.

HylaeformesDuméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: plate opposite page 53, 491. Explicit non-Latinized family-group name.

Dendropsophi Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type genus: Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843. 

Dryophytae Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type genus: Dryophytes Fitzinger, 1843. Synonymy by implication of synonymy of Dryophytes with Hyla by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 373.

Pseudae Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 33. Type genus: Pseudis Wagler, 1830. 

Pseudes — Leunis, 1844, Synops. Drei Naturr., Zool., Ed. 1: 146; Cope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 89.

Calamitae Leunis, 1844, Synops. Drei Naturr., Zool., Ed. 1: 145; Gravenhorst, 1845, Das Thierreich: 43.

HylainaBonaparte, 1845, Specchio Gen. Sist. Erpetol. Anfibiol. Ittiolog.: 6.

HylidaeBonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p.

HyloideaStannius, 1856, Handb. Zootomie Wiebelthiere, 2: 5; Wied-Neuwied, 1865, Nova Acta Phys. Med. Acad. Caesar Leopold Carol., Halle, 32: 116.

HyloidesBruch, 1862, Würzb. Naturwiss. Z., 3: 221.

Acridina Mivart, 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869: 292. Type genus: Acris Duméril and Bibron, 1841. See comment. 

Cophomantina Hoffmann, 1878, in Bronn (ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, 6(2): 614. Type genus: Cophomantis Peters, 1870. 

HylidaBayer, 1885 "1884", Abh. K. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Prague, 12: 18.

HylidiAcloque, 1900, Fauna de France, 1: 489.

HylinaeGadow, 1901, Amphibia and Reptiles: 139.

Triprioninae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 64. Type genus: Triprion Cope, 1866. Synonymy by implication of Noble, 1931, Biol. Amph.: 512.

Lophiohylinae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 64. Type genus: Lophyohyla Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926. Incorrect original spelling according to Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 368, who noted the spelling should have been Lophyohylinae.

Pseudinae — Noble, 1931, Biol. Amph.: 496; Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 770.

Pseudidae — Savage and Carvalho, 1953, Zoologica, New York, 38: 198.

Acridinae — Kuhn, 1965, Die Amphib.: 96; Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 1–109. 

Trachycephalinae Lutz, 1969, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 24: 275. Type genus: Trachycephalus Tschudi, 1838. Synonymy with Hylinae by implication of Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 18; with Lophyohylinae by implication of Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 24. 

HyliniFaivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 98.

Dendropsophini — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 90.

Lophiohylini — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 107; Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 368. 

Cophomantini — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 75.

Lophyohylinae — Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 24. 

Cophomantinae — Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 29. 

Dendropsophinae — Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 24. 

Acridini — Dubois, Ohler, and Duellman, 2017, Bionomina, 11: 51. Explicit tribe including Acris

Hyliolini Dubois, Ohler, and Duellman, 2017, Bionomina, 11: 51. Type genus: Hyliola Mocquard, 1899. For Hyliola and Pseudacris. 

Acrisini — Dubois, Ohler, and Duellman, 2017, Bionomina, 11: 55. Suggested alternative spelling.

Hylinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 185. Infratribe. 

Charadrahylinoa Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 186. Type genus: Charadrahyla Faivovich et al.,  2005. Hypotribe. 

Hylinoa — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 186. Hypotribe. 

Hylites — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 186. Clan. 

Triprionites — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 187. Clan. 

Isthmohylities Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 187. Type genus: Isthmohyla Faivovich et al., 2005. Subclan. 

Tlalocohylities Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 187. Type genus: Tlalocohyla Faivovich et al., 2005. Subclan. 

Triprionities — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 188. Subclan. 

Diaglenitoes  Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 188. Type genus: Diaglena Cope, 1887. Infraclan. 

Smiliscatoes Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 188. Type genus: Smilisca Cope, 1865. Infraclan. 

Triprionitoes — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 188. Infraclan. 

Rheohylinoa Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 189. Type genus: Rheohyla Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016. 

Ecnomiohylites Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 189. Type genus: Ecnomiohyla Faivovich et al., 2005. Clan. 

Ptychohylites Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 189. Type genus: Ptychohyla Taylor, 1944. Clan. 

Rheohylites — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 190. Clan. 

Plectrohylinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 190. Type genus: Plectrohyla Brocchi, 1877. 

Acrisina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 184. Subtribe. 

Acrisinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 185. Infratribe. 

Hyliolinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 185. Infratribe. 

Itapotihylina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 191. Type genus: Itapotihyla Faivovich et al., 2005. Subtribe. 

Lophiohylina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 191. Subtribe. 

Lophiohylinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 191. Infratribe. 

Osteocephalinia Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 192. Type genus: Osteocephalus Steindachner, 1862. Infratribe. 

Osteopilinia Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 192. Type genus: Osteopilus Fitzinger, 1843. Subtribe. 

Phytotriadina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 192. Type genus: Phytotriades Jowers, Downie, and Cohen, 2009. Subtribe. 

Trachycephalina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 193. Subtribe. 

Corythomantinia Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 193. Type genus: Corythomantis Boulenger, 1896. 

Nyctimantinia Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 193. Type genus: Nyctimantis Boulenger, 1882. Infratribe. 

Trachycephalinia —  Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 194. Infratribe. 

Cophinantina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 181. Tribe. 

Bokermannohylinia Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 181. Type genus: Bokermannohyla Faivovich et al., 2005. Infratribe. 

Cophomantinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 182. Infratribe. 

Hyloscirtina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 182. Type genus: Hyloscirtus Peters, 1882. Subtribe. 

Myersiohylini Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 182. Type genus: Myersiohyla Faivovich et al, 2005. 

Nesorohylini Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 183. Type genus: Nesorohyla Pinheiro et al., 2018. Tribe. 

Pseudina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 184. 

Nomina inquirenda - Name(s) unassigned to a living or extinct population

Hyla fusca Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 34. Type(s): Specimens in "Museo Academico Upsaliensi, & Viennae in Turriana thesauro"; not known to still exist. Type locality: not stated. * Calamita fuscusSchneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 174. * Hyla fuscaDaudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 40. Incorrectly regarded as new by Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 20, and who considered MNHNP 4815 the holotype and regarded the type locality as "Brésil". * Calamita fuscusMerrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 170. Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 170, and Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 575, considered that the various authors were basing their concepts on different frogs. * Hyla fuscaBoulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 374. ENGLISH NAME: Brown Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 55). DISTRIBUTION: Unknown. COMMENT: Name not associated with a biological population of frogs (Duellman, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 135). * Bombinator fuscusSchlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239.

Hyla aurantiaca Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 35. Type(s): By indication including the frog illustrated by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 71, fig. 3. Type locality: "Surinami". * Hyla aurantiaca aurantiacaCochran, 1953, Herpetologica, 8: 112; by implication.

Calamita melanorabdotus Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 173. Type(s): Frog illustrated in unpublished picture in the Royal Berlin Library donated by Prince Maurice of Nassau, according to original publication. Type locality: "Brasilia". * Rana MelanorabdataShaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 137. Incorrect subsequent spelling. * Hyla melanorabdotaDaudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 43; Daudin, 1803 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 8; Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 316. ENGLISH NAME(S): Black-striped Frog (Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 137). Schneider's Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 56). COMMENT: Name not assignable to any known species (Duellman, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 141). See comments by Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 137. Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 172, regarded this as a junior synonym of Hyla lactea Laurenti, 1768. Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 111, regarded this as a nomen dubium.

Calamita quadrilineatus Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 169. Type(s): "Museo Barbyensi", presumably now lost. Type locality: Unknown. * Hyla quadrilineataDaudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 42. * Rana quadrilineataShaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 127. ENGLISH NAME(S): Four-lined Frog (Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 127). Four-lined Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 57). DISTRIBUTION: Unknown. COMMENT: Similar to Hyla leucophyllata according to the original publication. This name has not been assigned to any known population (Duellman, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 149). Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 111, regarded this as a nomen dubium.

Hyla surinamensis Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 44. Type(s): Based on frog figured in Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 2: pl. 70, fig. 4. Type locality: "Surinam." * Calamita surinamensisMerrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 169. ENGLISH NAME(S): Daudin's Surinam Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 58). DISTRIBUTION: ? Surinam. COMMENT: Regarded as a nomen dubium by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 316, and Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 105.

Hyla stercoracea Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 32. Type(s): Including animal figured on pl. 10, fig. 2 of the original publication; presumably originally in ZSM; Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 362, suggested that the type was lost and that the name did not apply to Hylodes nasus, but likely some species of Hyla (sensu lato). Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 169, suggested that the lost type was probably ZSM 2369/0. Type locality: "Habitat in sylvis fluminis Teffé", Brazil. Synonymy with Hylodes nasus by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 226.

Hyla punctata Wied-Neuwied, 1824, Abbild. Naturgesch. Brasil., Heft 7: pl. 42. Types: Including animal figured on pl. 42, fig. 3 of original publication; see comments by Vanzolini and Myers, 2015, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 395: 70. Type locality: "Gegemd der Frazenda von Vareda unweite der Gränzen von Minas Geraës", Brazil. Not Calamita punctata Schneider, 1799. Synonymy with Hyla albomarginata by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 356. This rejected by Vanzolini and Myers, 2015, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 395: 75, who did not associate the name with a living population. 

Hyla infulata Wied-Neuwied, 1824, Isis von Oken, 14: 671. Replacement name for Hyla punctata Wied; see confusing comments by Vanzolini and Myers, 2015, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 395: 70–72, 74–75, where they recognize this name as representing a distinct species but do not associate the name with a living population. 

Litoria americana Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 506. Holotype: MNHNP 756, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 17. Type locality: "Nouvelle-Orléans" (= New Orleans), Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USA. * Hyla americanaNieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 316. ENGLISH NAME(S): American Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 54). DISTRIBUTION: Unknown although presumably associated with one of the species found in southern Louisiana, USA. COMMENT: This name was considered a nomen dubium as early as Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 337, and has never been associated with a population of anurans(Duellman, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 125).

Acrodytes daudinii Parker, 1868, Monogr. Struct. Devel. Shoulder-girdle Stern. Vert.: 75. Type(s): "Hyrtlean Collection", presumably now in the BMNH. Type locality: "Brazil".

Dendrhyla sinensis David, 1873 "1872", J. N. China Branch R. Asiat. Soc., N.S., 7: 227. Type(s): Not stated. Type locality: "Setchuan occidental", China. Nomen nudum. Presumably a synonym of a member of the Hyla japonica group (DRF).

Hyla auraria Peters, 1873, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873: 615. Holotype: ZSM 1175/0, according to Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 166, not lost as reported by Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 35. Type locality: "angeblich aus Südamerica". ENGLISH NAME(S): Peter's Secret Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 54). COMMENT: This name has not been associated with a population of anurans (Duellman, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 127). Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 111, regarded this as a nomen dubium, although on page 203 they described the type in some detail. Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 166, noted that the holotype is in relatively good shape.  Hoogmoed, 2018 "2019", Zool. Anz., 278: xxx, examined the type and considered it a nomen inquirendum. 

English Names

None noted. 

Distribution

North America southward throughout Mexico and Central America, and barely entering South America. The subfamily also occurs throughout much of temperate Eurasia, Japan, and extreme northern Africa.

Comment

Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 770, considered Hylinae a paraphyletic grade with respect to Pseudinae. Hedges, 1986, Syst. Zool., 35: 1–21, studied the phylogenetic relationships of Holarctic hylids via phenetic analysis of allozymes. Gaudin, 1974, J. Herpetol., 8: 141–152, reported on osteological variation among holarctic tree frogs. Salducci, Marty, Chappaz, and Gilles, 2002, C. R. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci., Paris, 325: 141–153, suggested that Hylinae is paraphyletic with respect to Pelodryadinae, Phyllomedusinae, Hemiphractinae, and Centrolenidae. Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 288–357, provided keys and accounts for the species of Costa Rica. The former Pseudinae was placed either in the Leptodactylidae or as a subfamily of Hylidae until Savage and Carvalho considered Pseudidae to be a distinct family derived from Leptodactylidae. Burger, 1954, Herpetologica, 10: 194-196, suggested that they were derived from Hylidae. A checklist of the species and subspecies was provided by Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 197–201. Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 770, placed Pseudinae as derived from a deeply paraphyletic Hylinae. Ford and Cannatella, 1993, Herpetol. Monogr., 7: 94–117, considered Hylidae, Pseudidae and Centrolenidae to be in a polytomy (fide errata; they inadvertantly figured Centrolenidae as the sister taxon of Hylidae plus Pseudidae). Darst and Cannatella, 2004, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 31: 462–475, presented evidence that Pseudinae is deeply imbedded with Hylinae and placed Pseudinae in synonymy. Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294, completely revised Hylinae and recognized four tribes of unequal phylogenetic value: 1) Cophomantini (Asplastodiscus, Bokermannohyla, Hyloscirtus, Hypsiboas, and Myersiohyla); 2) Dendropsophini (Dendropsophus, Lysapsus, Pseudis, Scarthyla, Scinax, Sphaenorhynchus, and Xenohyla); 3) Hylini (Acris, Anotheca, Bromeliohyla, Charadrahyla, Duellmanohyla, Ecnomiohyla, Exerodonta, Hyla, Isthmohyla, Megastomatohyla, Plectrohyla, Pseudacris, Ptychohyla, Smilisca, Tlalocohyla, Triprion), 4) Lophiohylini (Aparasphenodon, Argenteohyla, Corythomantis, Nyctimantis, Osteocephalus, Osteopilus, Phyllodytes, Tepuihyla, and Trachycephalus). Phylogenetically, the four tribes are arranged: Cophomantini + (Dendrophsophini + (Hylini + Lophiophylini)). Powell, Collins, and Hooper, 2011, Key Herpetofauna U.S. & Canada, 2nd Ed.: 9–11, provided an identification key to the genera and species of the United States and Canada. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 204–272, provided keys to the genera and species as well as breif summaries of life history information along with maps and photographs of the species. Elliot, Gerhardt, and Davidson, 2009, Frogs and Toads of N. Am.: 42–125, provided accounts, photos, and voice for all species of the USA and Canada. Brunetti, Hermida, Luna, Barsotti, Jared, Antoniazzi, Rivera-Correa, Berneck, and Faivovich, 2015, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 114: 12–34, reported on the diversity of mental and lateral glands in members of the tribe Cophomantini. Suárez, Ferro, Nagamachi, Cardozo, Blasco-Zuñiga, Silva, Marciano, Costa, Orrico, Solé, Roberto, Rivera, Wiley, Faivovich, Baldo, and Pieczarka, 2020, PLoS One, 15 (6: e0234331): 1–21, reported on chromosome evolution within the tribe Lophiohylini. Pinheiro, Blotto, Ron, Stanley, Garcia, Haddad, Grant, and Faivovich, 2022, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 195: 995–1021, surveyed the osteology and myology of the prepollex and associated elements of 94 of the 190 species of Cophomantini, sampling all genera, except Nesorohyla, and provided synapomorphies for various groups. Pereira Silva, Ceron, Silva, and Santana, 2022, Ecol. Evol., 12(e8754): 1–15, reported on the molecular biogeography of the tribe Sphaenorhynchini (Gabohyla and Sphaenorhynchus). Turazzini and Gómez, 2023, Zool. Anz., 303: 47–70, reported on osteology of Lysapsus and Pseudis, with special reference to synapomorphies of groups within and shared by these taxa. Koroiva and Santana, 2022, An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 94 (4: e20200825): 1–15, reported on the efficacy of different coding and noncoding loci as barcodes. Dias, Marcondes, Pezzuti, Vera Candioti, Araujo-Vieira, Prodocimo, Silva, Orrico, and Haas, 2023, Zoomorphology, 142: 111–126, reported on larval morphology of Xenohyla truncata and suggested morphological features that may tie Pseudini to Dendropsophini. Araujo-Vieira, Lourenço, Lacerda, Lyra, Blotto, Ron, Baldo, Pereyra, Suárez-Mayorga, Baêta, Ferreira, Barrio-Amorós, Borteiro, Brandão, Brasileiro, Donnelly, Dubeux, Köhler, Kolenc, Leite, Maciel, Nunes, Orrico, Peloso, Pezzuti, Reichle, Rojas-Runjaic, Silva, Sturaro, Langone, Garcia, Rodrigues, Frost, Wheeler, Grant, Pombal, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2023, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 27 (Special Issue): 1–143, provided an extensive revision of the Scinaxini (Julianus, Ololoygon, and Scinax), including its position within Hylinae, based on extensive analysis of comparative hard and soft anatomy, adult and larval morphology, karyology, and molecular markers resulting in an extensive realignment and delimitation of species groups. These species groups are noted in the species records. Ortiz, Hoskin, Werneck, Réjaud, Manzi, Ron, and Fouquet, 2023, Organisms Divers. Evol., 23: 395–414, reported on the historical biogeography of Amazonia based on molecular evidence for Osteocephalus, Tepuihyla, and Dryaderces. 

Contained taxa (750 sp.):

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