Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Cycloramphus fuliginosus Tschudi, 1838

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Cycloramphidae > Genus: Cycloramphus > Species: Cycloramphus fuliginosus

Cycloramphus fulginosus Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 81. Syntypes: MNHNP 750 (2 specimens), according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 26; MNHNP 750 designated lectotype by Heyer, 1983, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 30: 262. Type locality: "India"; corrected to "Brésil" by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 455; corrected to the region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by Bokermann, 1951, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 81. Considered by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 95, to be "provàvelmente da cidade de Rio de Janeiro ou arredores", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. See comment.

Cycloramphus fuliginosus — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 455. Incorrect subsequent spelling but now prevailing usage. See comment.

Pithecopsis fuliginosus — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 455; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 22.

Grypiscus umbrinus Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 208. Holotype: MCZ 408 (now MCZ 1497 according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 270; and Heyer, 1983, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 30: 306). Type locality: "Rio de Janeiro", Brazil. Synonymy by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 43.

Cyclorhamphus fuliginosus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 169; Barbour and Noble, 1920, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 407.

Iliodiscus lutzi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1929, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 5: 15. Types: Not designated, presumably MNRJ although not noted in list of Miranda-Ribeiro types in MNRJ by P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1955, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 389–417. MNRJ 1494 designated lectotype by Caramaschi and Pombal, 2023, Zootaxa, 5339: 476. Type locality: "S. Paulo, Alto da Serra", São Paulo, Brazil; given as lower slopes of Petrópolis mountains, Brazil, by Heyer, 1983, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 30: 306. Named as a junior synonym of Cycloramphus fuliginosus Lutz, 1929. Also, synonymy by Bokermann, 1951, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 81. See Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 69, for discussion of confusion. Lectotype from "Sumaré (22°57’05”S, 43°14’12”W; Datum WGS 84; 770 m a.s.l.), Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" according to Caramaschi and Pombal, 2023, Zootaxa, 5339: 476, who discussed the types.

Grypiscus fuliginosus — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1935, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 19: 416.

Grypsicus scleromeris Miranda-Ribeiro, 1935, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 19: 416. Holotype: IOC, by original designation; now in MNRJ. Type locality: "S. da Bocaina", Brazil. Name proposed as a junior synonym ("nom. nov.") for Grypiscus umbrinus Lutz. Synonymy by Bokermann, 1951, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 81. See Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 42, and Caramaschi and Pombal, 2023, Zootaxa, 5339: 477–478, for discussion.

Cycloramphus umbrinus — Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 266.

English Names

Tschudi's Button Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 71).

Distribution

Atlantic coastal forest from southeastern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

See comment under Cycloramphus juimirim. Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001, Anf. Municipio Rio de Janeiro: 81, provided a brief account and photo. Note that Tschudi spelled the specific name "fulginosus", not "fuliginosus" as by all subsequent authors. Nevertheless, the current Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), Art. 33.3.1, preserves the "prevailing usage", which is clearly "fuliginosus". Larval morphology, anatomy, and phylogenetics reported on by Dias, Vera Candioti, Sabbag, Colaço, Silva, Haddad, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Grant, 2021, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 59: 1297–1321.

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