Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Espadarana andina (Rivero, 1968)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Subfamily: Centroleninae > Genus: Espadarana > Species: Espadarana andina

Centrolenella andina Rivero, 1968, Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 28: 317. Holotype: MCZ 72502, by original designation. Type locality: "La Azulita, 1050 m, Estado Mérida, Venezuela".

Centrolenella lentiginosa Rivero, 1985, Brenesia, 23: 341. Holotype: UPRM 5558, by original designation. Type locality: "Guacharaquita, entre La Grita y P[ára]mo. de la Negra, 1768 m, Edo. Táchira, Venezuela". Synonymy by Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995, Lozania, 64: 1.

Centrolene andinum — Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 19.

Centrolene lentiginosum — Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 20.

Espadarana andina — Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 33.

English Names

Andes Giant Glass Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 46).

Distribution

Northern slopes of Mérida Andes and Sierra de Perijá, western Venezuela (800 to 2050 m elevation), and the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental in the departments of Norte de Santander, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, and Tolima, Colombia (1630–2200 m elevation).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Venezuela

Comment

In the Centrolene prosoblepon group according to Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 1-30. Mijares-Urrutia, 1990, J. Herpetol., 24: 410–412, described larval morphology. See account by Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995, Lozania, 64: 1-11. Lynch and Renjifo, 2001, Guia Anf. Rept. Bogota: 38, presented a brief account and photograph. Señaris and Ayarzagüena, 2005, Rev. Taxonom. Fam. Centrolenidae de Venezuela: 67-78, provided a review of the morphology, natural history, and range of this species (as Centrolene andinum). Rada and Guayasamin, 2008, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 48: 97-99, provided a range extension in Colombia. Rojas-Runjaic, Infante-Rivero, and Cabello, 2012, Check List, 8: 819-825, provided a number of new localities in Venezuela. Cabanzo-Olarte and Ortega-Chinchilla, 2018, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 4(1): 16–22, provided a detailed account for Colombia. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 21, for comments on range and literature. Mijares-Urrutia, 1998, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 46: 119–143, characterized the larval morphology as part of a key to the tadpoles of the high elevation frogs in Venezuela.

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.