Firouzophrynus olivaceus (Blanford, 1874)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Firouzophrynus > Species: Firouzophrynus olivaceus

Bufo olivaceus Blanford, 1874, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, 14: 35. Syntypes: BMNH 1874.11.23.122 (now 1947.2.20.93), ZSIC 3523-25 (according to Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 27); BMNH 1874.11.23.122 designated lectotype by Balletto, Cherchi, and Gasperetti, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia, 7: 341. Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 301, had not noted the BMNH specimen as one of Blanford's types although it was received from him and catalogued into the BMNH in 1874 (DRF). Type locality: "in Gedrosia", Iran; given as "Dasht river, Baluchistan . . . [and] Bahu Kalat, Baluchistan . . . [and] Ghistigan, Bampusht, Baluchistan" by Blanford, 1876, E. Persia, 2: 434; rendered as "Dasht-Fluss (Gedrosia), Balutschistan", Iran, by Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1973, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 77: 184. Rendered as "Ghistigan, Balochistan, north-western Pakistan" by Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 103. Restricted to "Dasht, Baluchistan" (data fide Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 301) by lectotype designation of Balletto, Cherchi, and Gasperetti, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia, 7: 341.

"Bufo" olivaceusFrost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364. Excluded from Bufo and unassigned to genus.

Duttaphrynus olivaceus —  Fahimi and Safaei-Mahroo, 2012, Ident. Animals & Plants Homag Protect. Area: 101; Portik and Papenfuss, 2015, BMC Evol. Biol., 15 (152): 11; Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 266

Firouzophrynus olivaceus — Safaei-Mahroo and Ghaffari, 2020, Compl. Guide Amph. Iran: 19.

English Names

Olive Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42; Khan, 2002, Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc., 37: 159).

Baluchistan Coastal Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Baluchestan Coastal Toad (Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 132; Kami, 2005, Herpetol. Rev., 36: 73).

Makran Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Olive True Toad (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 2). 

Distribution

Southeastern Iran (Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, and Sistan va Baluchistan provinces) and extreme western Baluchistan (Pakistan); an apparently isolated population in Gurgaon District, Haryana, India (see comment).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India, Iran, Pakistan

Comment

In the Bufo stomaticus group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107. Suggested by Dubois, 1974, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 213: 341-411, and Balletto, Cherchi, and Gasperetti, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia, 7: 342, to possibly be conspecific with Bufo stomaticus. See Auffenberg and Rehman, 1997, in Mufti et al. (eds.), Biodiversity of Pakistan: 351-372, for account and distinctiveness from Bufo stomaticus. Kami, 2005, Herpetol. Rev., 36: 73, provided a range extension for Gheshm Island, Hormozan Province, Iran, and outlined the distribution of the species. Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 132-135, provided an account for Iran. Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 45, provided a brief account for Pakistan. Ray and Deuti, 2008, Herpetol. Rev., 39: 233, provided the first record for India in Haryana state, western India. Heydari and Rastegar-Pouyani, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 243-244, discussed the range in southern Iran and doubted the occurrence of this species in India and Afghanistan. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 257–290, reported on distribution and conservation status in Iran. Key to the species (as Firouzophrynus olivaceus), synonymy, distribution (including map), and access to literature provided by Safaei-Mahroo and Ghaffari, 2020, Compl. Guide Amph. Iran: 1–331. Bisht, Garg, Sarmah, Sengupta, and Biju, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 451–470, suggested on the basis of genetic distance of 16S mtDNA that Duttaphrynus stomaticus is likely conspecific with Duttaphrynus olivaceusRais, Ahmed, Sajjad, Akram, Saeed, Hamid, and Abid, 2021, ZooKeys, 1062: 157–175, included this species in an identification key to the amphibian species of Pakistan as well as providing a photograph. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 1–112, provided for Iran an identification key including this species (and subspecies), photographs, habitat, conservation threats and Red List recommendation, a review of the literature, as well as dot and modeled distribution maps.   

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