Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 40: 38. Type genus: Dicroglossus Günther, 1860.

Dicroglossini — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 57. Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 314-315; Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 16.

Dicroglossinae — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 313. Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 16.

Paini Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 317. Type genus: Paa Dubois, 1975. Synonymy by Roelants, Jiang, and Bossuyt, 2004, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 31: 734-735.

Limnonectini Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 315. Type genus: Limnonectes Fitzinger, 1843.

Dicroglossini — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 314-315. Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 16.

Limnonectinae — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 239.

Incertae Sedis

Rana agricola Jerdon, 1854 "1853", J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 22: 532. Types: In ZSIC, but unavailable for study according to Dubois, 1984, Alytes, 3: 152; reported as lost by Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1870: 67. Type locality: "inundated paddy-fields and meadows", in South India by implication. Considered a junior synonym of Rana vittigera by Theobald, 1868, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 37: 80. Considered a junior synonym of Rana limnocharis by Boulenger, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Rept. Batr.: 450. Dubois, 1984, Alytes, 3: 152, noted that this species might be based on a juvenile Rana tigerina (now in Hoplobatrachus), but inasmuch as workers are not allowed access to the material the status of the species remains in doubt. Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 60, considered this to be incertae sedis within Hoplobatrachus or Fejervarya; without discussion.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Northwestern and subsaharan Africa, southern Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan and India to Afghanistan, Nepal, Malaya, and Sri Lanka; east through Nepal and Myanmar to western and southern China, Indochina, and islands of the Sunda Shelf; Philippines; Japan; reported in Papua New Guinea.

Comment

Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 16, recognized 4 tribes (Dicroglossini, Limnonectini, Occidozygini, and Paini), of which Paini was rejected as nonmonophyletic, and Occidozygini was treated as a subfamily, the sister taxon of Dicroglossinae, by Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 241. See comments under Dicroglossidae. Ohler and Dubois, 2006, Zoosystema, 28: 769-784, presented a phylogenetic analysis of Paini based on morphology and did not address Frost et al. (2005), which had also addressed this group. On this basis of analysis of morphological Annandia was placed by Ohler and Dubois (2006) in a putatively monophyletic group with Euphlyctis and Limnonectes. Allopaa hazarensis they suggested was the sister taxon of all other Paini. See comments under Chrysopaa and Nanorana for further discussion. Che, Hu, Zhou, Murphy, Papenfuss, Chen, Rao, Li, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 59-73, reported on molecular phylogenetics of the Paini and proposed a monophyletic taxonomy. Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107: 13765-13770 (and Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., doi:10.1073/pnas.1008415107/-/DCSupplemental: 1-5) reported on molecular phylogenetics of Paini (although lacking material of Allopaa and Chrysopaa) and suggested in their supplemental information a subgeneric taxonomy to complement the existing genera Nanorana and Quasipaa. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences confirmed the monophyly of this taxon and provided an estimate of relationship among the constituent taxa.

Contained taxa

• Allopaa Ohler and Dubois, 2006 (2 sp.)
• Chrysopaa Ohler and Dubois, 2006 (1 sp.)
• Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843 (6 sp.)
• Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (16 sp.)
• Hoplobatrachus Peters, 1863 (5 sp.)
• Limnonectes Fitzinger, 1843 (56 sp.)
• Minervarya Dubois, Ohler, and Biju, 2001 (2 sp.)
• Nannophrys Günther, 1869 (4 sp.)
• Nanorana Günther, 1896 (28 sp.)
• Ombrana Dubois, 1992 (1 sp.)
• Quasipaa Dubois, 1992 (11 sp.)
• Sphaerotheca Günther, 1859 (5 sp.)
• Zakerana Howlader, 2011 (20 sp.)

External Links

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• For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
• For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank