Hyloxalinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 168. Type genus: Hyloxalus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870.
None noted.
Panama south to Peru along the Pacific coast, Andean Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru as well and eastern foothills of the Andes in Bolivia to Venezuela, east to the upper Amazon Basin.
Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, confirmed the monophyly of this taxon and provided a tree of their molecular exemplars.
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