Eleutherodactylus vilarsi — Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 582-583. by implication; Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 108.
Hylodes vilarsi Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 45. Syntypes: NHMG 491 (2 specimens); larger specimen designated lectotype by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10. Type locality: "Taracuá, Rio Uaupés, [Estado do Amazonas,] Brazil".
Hylodes roseus Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 46. Holotype: NHMG 492, according to Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 253. Type locality: "Rio Uaupés (north of Rio Japú)", Brazil. Preoccupied by Hylodes roseus Boulenger, 1918. Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10.
Eleutherodactylus roseus — Lutz and Kloss, 1952, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 50: 646.
Eleutherodactylus brachypodius Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 61. Holotype: MCZ 28568, by original designation. Type locality: "Upper Cunucunuma region, Territorio Amazonas . . . . either Casa de Julián or Marahuaca, 4,050 ft.", Venezuela. Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10.
Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus ileamazonicus Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 63. Holotype: MCZ 30397, by original designation. Type locality: "Temiche, Mt. Marahuaca, 4056 ft., S. Venezuela". Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 9.
Eleutherodactylus rosmelinus Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 96. Replacement name for Hylodes roseus Melin, 1944.
Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus guayanensis Rivero, 1968 "1967", Caribb. J. Sci., 7: 149. Syntypes: 3 specimens, labelled provisionally J.A. Rivero 33-35, presumably now in the UPRM. Type locality: "Monte Marahuaca, 4050 pies", southern Venezuela. Synonymy with Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus ileamazonicus Rivero, 1961 by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10, who mistakenly regarded the name as a nomen nudum.
Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) vilarsi — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 234.
Pristimantis vilarsi — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.
Pristimantis (Pristimantis) vilarsi — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120.
Rio Uaupes Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 80).
Upper Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru.
In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) conspicillatus series, Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group according to Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 234. Reviewed by Lynch, 1980, Am. Mus. Novit., 2696: 17, who provided a synonymy. See brief account by Lynch, 1994, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 19: 187-193. See comments regarding distribution of Venezuelan population by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 54. Discussed and redescribed by Barrio-Amorós and Molina, 2006, Zootaxa, 1302: 1-20. In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) conspicillatus species group of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 253-254, for brief account.
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