Eleutherodactylus bilineatus Bokermann, 1975 "1974", Rev. Brasil. Biol., 34: 11. Holotype: WCAB 47137, by original designation; now in MZUSP. Type locality: "Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil".
Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) bilineatus — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 220.
Ischnocnema bilineata — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2. Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 27.
Two-lined Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 73).
Known only from the type locality (Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Ilhéus) and the municipalities of Wenceslau Guimarães, Jussari, and Nilo Peçanha, all in the state of Bahia, Brazil.
Placed in the Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri group by Lynch, 1976, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 61: 10; subsequently not included in the group because of its obscure relationships (see Lynch and Myers, 1983, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 175: 481-572). Unassigned to formal series or species group of Eleutherodactylus by Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 221. Pimenta and Silvano, 2002, Herpetol. Rev., 33: 144, provided new localities in Brazil. In the Ischnocnema lactea species series of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 27. Canedo and Haddad, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 65: 610-620, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that this species is not an Eleutherodactylus or Ischnocnema, but rather of uncertain position , likely close to Noblella + Barycholos within Holoadeninae.
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