Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Bufo sternosignatus Günther, 1858, Arch. Naturgesch., 24: 323. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.21.68-69 (formerly 47.6.22.58-59), 1947.2.21.70 (formerly 49.11.7.38), 1947.2.21.87 (formerly 56.3.17.25), 1947.2.21.88 (formerly 57.7.31.29) (total of 5 specimens), according to M.S. Hoogmoed in Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 60; Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 111, following Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 320, noted that the Cordoba syntypes are specimens of Bufo valliceps [sensu lato—DRF] and restricted the name to the Venezuela types. Type locality: "Centralamerika" (apparently in error); given as "Venezuela", "Puerto Cabello", "Cordova", and "Mexico [in error]" by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 68. Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 320, noted that the "Mexico" and "Cordova" specimens were representatives of Bufo valliceps; restricted to "Puerto Cabello" by Boulenger's restriction of the types and by Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 111.

Phrynoidis sternosignatus — Cope, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 15: 49.

Bufo (Chilophryne) sternosignatus — Keferstein, 1867, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 18: 352.

Bufo typhonius sternosignatus — Shreve, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 535.

Bufo sternosignatus — Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 313-380.

Rhinella sternosignata — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 366.

Chaunus sternosignatus — Frost, 2006, Amph. Spec. World Online, vers. 4.0: . new combination by implication of inclusion of this taxon in the "Bufo" granulosus group (= Chaunus) by Vélez-Rodriguez, 2005, J. Herpetol., 39: 299-303; Savage and Bolaños, 2009, Zootaxa, 2005: 4. By implication.

Rhinella sternosignata — Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007, Herpetologica, 63: 211. by implication.

English Names

Falcon Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Distribution

Coastal Range and Falcón region, Venezuela (states of Aragua, Carabobo, Cojedes, Falcón, Lara, Miranda, Portuguesa, Yaracuay, and Bariñas), to 1800 m, and Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia.

Comment

Specimens from Mexico proved to be Incilius valliceps. The presence in Colombia was denied by Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 29, but accepted for Bogotá by Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 112. See Hoogmoed, 1990, in Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vert. Tropics: 117, discussion of the taxonomic history (almost an odyssey) of this species. Hoogmoed also noted that this species, contrary to some published opinions, is not conspecific with Incilius valliceps or Rhinella granulosa, but might be conspecific with Rhinella margaritifera of Panama or adjacent South America. Redescribed and reviewed by La Marca and Mijares-Urrutia, 1996, Alytes, 14: 101-114. The Colombia record was provided by Vélez-Rodriguez, 1999, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 23: 411-416. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 10, commented on the range in Venezuela. Vélez-Rodriguez, 1999, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 23: 411-416, discussed the range in Colombia. Vélez-Rodriguez, 2005, J. Herpetol., 39: 299-303, transferred this species out of the Rhinella margaritifera group and into the Rhinella granulosa group—close to Rhinella humboldti), although it is not clear if the type(s) of Rhinella sternosignatus had been examined. Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 40: 1-73, did not regard Rhinella sternosignata as a member of the Rhinella granulosa group, which they revised. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo sternosignatus) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 612.

External Links

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• For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
• For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
• For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
• For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
• For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
• for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML