Rhinella ocellata (Günther, 1858)
Bufo ocellatus Günther, 1858, Arch. Naturgesch., 24: 64. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.21.86 (formerly 57.10.28.57) according to M.S. Hoogmoed in Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 55. Type locality: "Brasilien".
Chilophryne ocellata — Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 358.
"Bufo" ocellatus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363. Excluded from Bufo and unassigned to genus.
Rhinella ocellata — Fouquet, Vences, Salducci, Meyer, Marty, Blanc, and Gilles, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 567-582. by implication of placing "Bufo" ocellatus within the Rhinella margaritifera group; Pramuk, Robertson, Sites, and Noonan, 2008, Global Ecol. Biogeograph., 17: 76.
English Names
Ocellated Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).
Distribution
Brazilian cerrados in Minas Gerais (Januária), Mato Grosso (Posto Pimentel Barbosa), Goiás (Ilha do Bananal), and Pará (Cachimbo).
Comment
Discussed and redescribed by Leão and Cochran, 1952, Mem. Inst. Butantan, São Paulo, 24: 271-280, who noted that it resembled Bufo granulosus or Bufo marmoreus, and removed it from the synonymy of "Bufo typhonius" (= Bufo margaritifer), where it had been placed by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 317. See also comments by Hoogmoed, 1990, in Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vert. Tropics: 117, who revalidated their opinion that this species is not a member of the Bufo margaritifer group as suggested by some authors (e.g., Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 140). See account by Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 30-31. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, suggested that this species is not a member of the monophyletic taxon Bufo (the former Bufo bufo group), but could not allocate this species to any of the other genera either, instead leaving this species in a non-taxon "Bufo" which they denoted as polyphyletic by placing the name in quotation marks. Pramuk, 2006, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 146: 407-452, considered "Bufo" ocellatus to be the sister taxon of Rhinella in her analysis (but within the paradigm of a gigantic and paraphyletic Bufo). Fouquet, Vences, Salducci, Meyer, Marty, Blanc, and Gilles, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 567-582; explicitly placed "Bufo" ocellatus within the Rhinella margaritifera group so I (DRF) take that as an implied transfer to Rhinella.
External Links
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- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
