Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Pedostibes Günther, 1876 "1875", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875: 576. Type species: Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876 "1875", by monotypy.

English Names

Asian Tree Toads (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 45).

Distribution

South India, Malay Peninsula to Borneo and Sumatra; one doubtful species from northeastern India.

Comment

Barbour, 1938, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51: 191-195, supplied synonymies and distributions. Graybeal and Cannatella, 1995, Herpetologica, 51: 123, noted that there is no unambiguous evidence in support of the monophyly of this taxon. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 129, suggested on the basis of DNA sequence evidence that Pedostibes is most closely related to Phrynoidis. Smith and Chiszar, 2006, Herpetol. Conserv. Biol., 1: 6-8, implied that this taxon should be considered a subgenus of Bufo; see comment under Bufonidae. See comments under Sabahphrynus. Matsui, Yambun, and Sudin, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 1159-1166, corroborated a close relationship between Phrynoidis and Pedostibes. Van Bocxlaer, Biju, Loader, and Bossuyt, 2009, BMC Evol. Biol., 9 (e131): 1-10, noted that Pedostibes is polyphyletic, with their exemplar Pedostibes hosii being closely related to Duttaphrynus, but that Pedostibes tuberculosus is most closely related to a clade composed of Duttaphrynus and Adenomus. These authors suggested that the name Pedostibes will go with the group within which their exemplar Pedostibes tuberculosus falls. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, found Pedostibes tuberculosus (the name-bearer of Pedostibes) to be the sister taxon of a group composed of Schismaderma, Bufotes, Churamiti, Nectophrynoides, "Bufo" brongersmai, Xanthophryne, and Duttaphrynus. Another group of nominal Pedostibes (including their exemplars Pedostibes rugosus and Pedostibes hosii) was placed as the sister taxon of Phrynoidis. Instead of providing a taxonomic remedy, these authors embraced a polyphyletic Pedostibes and an explicitly non-monophyletic "Bufo".

Contained taxa

• Pedostibes everetti (Boulenger, 1896)
• Pedostibes hosii (Boulenger, 1892)
• Pedostibes kempi (Boulenger, 1919)
• Pedostibes rugosus Inger, 1958
• Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876

External Links

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• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank