Ingerophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006
Ingerophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 219. Type species: Bufo biporcatus Gravenhorst, 1829, by original designation.
English Names
None noted.
Distribution
Southern Yunnan and Indochina west to Myanmar; peninsular Thailand and Malaya to Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Nias I., Sulawesi, and Philippines.
Comment
Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, suggested on the basis of DNA sequence evidence that Ingerophrynus is distantly related to other asiatic bufonids. Smith and Chiszar, 2006, Herpetol. Conserv. Biol., 1: 6-8, implied that this taxon should be considered a subgenus of Bufo; see comment under Bufonidae. Matsui, Yambun, and Sudin, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 1159-1166, provided evidence that Ingerophrynus is in a clade with Sabahphrynus, Leptophryne, and Didynamipus. Van Bocxlaer, Biju, Loader, and Bossuyt, 2009, BMC Evol. Biol., 9 (e131): 1-10, on the basis of a different molecular data set suggested that Ingerophrynus is the sister taxon of Leptophryne. Subsequently, on the basis of denser taxon sampling, Van Bocxlaer, Loader, Roelants, Biju, Menegon, and Bossuyt, 2010, Science, 327: 679-682, suggested that Ingerophrynus is the sister taxon of Sabahphrynus (not included in the earlier analysis). Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, confirmed the monophyly of this taxon (although this is obscured by their explicit adoption of an out-dated and non-monophyletic taxonomy), its placement as the sister taxon of Sabahphrynus, and provided a tree of exemplar species.
Contained taxa
- Ingerophrynus biporcatus (Gravenhorst, 1829)
- Ingerophrynus celebensis (Günther, 1859)
- Ingerophrynus claviger (Peters, 1863)
- Ingerophrynus divergens (Peters, 1871)
- Ingerophrynus galeatus (Günther, 1864)
- Ingerophrynus gollum Grismer, 2007
- Ingerophrynus kumquat (Das and Lim, 2001)
- Ingerophrynus ledongensis (Fei, Ye, and Huang, 2009)
- Ingerophrynus macrotis (Boulenger, 1887)
- Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887)
- Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Boulenger, 1887)
- Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus (Boulenger, 1887)
External Links
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- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
