Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833)
Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, 1833, Isis von Oken, 26: 657. Syntypes: ZMB 3525-27, 3532, according to Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 81. According to Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 68-71, the series of Bufo valliceps cotypes contains 5, not 8, specimens, although this might reflect that some of the syntypes had been traded to other collections. Even so, Kellogg's table on page 71-72 indicates only 4 specimens, although his written description clearly indicates 5. McCranie and Köhler, 2000, Southwest. Nat., 45: 71-74, discussed the type series and designated ZMB 3527 lectotype. Type localities: "mexicanischen"; "Mexico" and "Vera Cruz, Mexico"; restricted to "Veracruz, Veracruz", Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 351. Restricted to "Mexico" by lectotype designation and further reasoned by McCranie and Köhler, 2000, Southwest. Nat., 45: 71-74, to come from lowland Veracruz from the broad region of Jalapa, possibly from the areas of Misantla, Papantla, or Veracruz (city).
Bufo trachypus Wiegmann, 1833, Isis von Oken, 26: 657. Type(s): Not stated, although presumably originally ZMB. Type locality: Not stated; restricted to "Veracruz, Veracruz", Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 351. Unavailable name provided in synonymy of Bufo valliceps. Synonymy by Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 81.
Bufo valliceps — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 319.
Bufo valliceps wilsoni Baylor and Stuart, 1961, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 74: 199. Holotype: UMMZ 119391, by original designation. Type locality: "Jacaltenango (ca. 50 air-line kilometers northwest of Huehuetenango), Huehuetenango, Guatemala".
Bufo valliceps valliceps — Baylor and Stuart, 1961, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 74: 195.
Cranopsis valliceps — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364.
Ollotis valliceps — Frost, Grant, and Mendelson, 2006, Copeia, 2006: 558. by implication.
Incilius valliceps — Frost, Mendelson, and Pramuk, 2009, Copeia, 2009: 418-419. By implication.
English Names
Southern Gulf Coast Toad (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 19).
Distribution
Central Veracruz (Mexico) to northern Costa Rica on the Atlantic versant; from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to south-central Guatemala on the Pacific slope; Atlantic versant to Guatemala and the Atlantic versant of Costa Rica near Río San Juan. Isolated record for El Salvador.
Comment
See comments under Incilius luetkeni, Incilius melanochlorus, and Incilius nebulifer with which this species has been confused. Geographic variation discussed by Mendelson, 1998, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas, 8: 1-12, who discussed the potential species status of Bufo nebulifer (USA and northeastern Mexico) and Bufo valliceps wilsoni. Reviewed by Porter, 1970, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 94: 1-4 (in the sense of including Incilius nebulifer) but this needs to be read in light of Mendelson's later revisions. See accounts by Campbell, 1998, Amph. Rept. N. Guatemala Yucatan Belize: 69-70, and Lee, 2000, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Maya World: 87-89 (as Bufo valliceps). See accounts by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 210-211, and McCranie and Wilson, 2002, Amph. Honduras: 193-200. El Salvador record provided by Köhler, 2003, Herpetol. Rev., 34: 161. Mendelson, 2001, in Johnson et al. (eds.), Mesoam. Herpetol.: 10-19, provided taxonomic comments. Köhler, Vesely, and Greenbaum, 2005 "2006", Amph. Rept. El Salvador: 33-34, provided an account (as Bufo valliceps, and for El Salvador) and a color photograph. Mulcahy, Morrill, and Mendelson, 2006, J. Biogeograph., 33: 1889-1904, reported on the historical biogeographic relationship with Incilius nebulifer. McCranie, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 38, summarized the departmental distribution in Honduras. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189-202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, misplaced the position of Incilius valliceps because the sequences in Genbank actually apply to Incilius leucomoyos (J. Mendelson, personal commun. 9 Dec 2011). Mendelson, Mulcahy, Williams, and Sites, 2011, Zootaxa, 3138: 1-34, suggested that this species is a member of a monophyletic Incilius valliceps group and in a subgroup they referred to as the Lowland group (the name Incilius valliceps subgroup is available—DRF) that includes Incilius gemmifer, Incilius luetkeni, Incilius mazatlanensis, Incilius nebulifer, and Incilius valliceps.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
