Incilius melanochlorus (Cope, 1877)
Bufo melanochlorus Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 17: 85. Holotype: Depostion not stated; USNM 30592 according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 35. Type locality: "East Costa Rica"; corrected to "Costa Rica, east or eastern, Cantón de Limón, Provincia de Limón", by Savage, 1974, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 22: 89..
Bufo melanochloris — Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 616. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Cranopsis melanochlora — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364.
Ollotis melanochlora — Frost, Grant, and Mendelson, 2006, Copeia, 2006: 558. by implication.
Incilius melanochlorus — Frost, Mendelson, and Pramuk, 2009, Copeia, 2009: 418-419. By implication.
English Names
Dark Green Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).
West Forest Toad (Jaramillo and Ibáñez, 2009, Herpetol. Rev., 40: 108).
Distribution
Lowlands and premontane slopes on the Atlantic versant Costa Rica and adjacent Panama, 2-1080 m elevation; likely in adjacent Nicaragua.
Comment
See Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 616, for synonymy. Records from Nicaragua are based on misidentified specimens of Incilius luetkenii or Incilius valliceps according to Villa, 1972, Anf. Nicaragua: 102. See Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 616-618, for account. See account by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 209-210. O'Neill and Mendelson, 2004, J. Herpetol., 38:487-494, provided an updated account, taking into account the recognition of Incilius aucoinae. Jaramillo and Ibáñez, 2009, Herpetol. Rev., 40: 108, provided the first record for Panama. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189-202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Mendelson, Mulcahy, Williams, and Sites, 2011, Zootaxa, 3138: 1-34, suggested that this species is a member of a monophyletic Incilius valliceps group and in a subgroup they referred to as the Forest Group (the name Incilius cristatus subgroup is available—DRF) that includes Incilius aucoinae, Incilius cavifrons, Incilius campbelli, Incilius cristatus, Incilius leucomoyos, Incilius macrocristatus, Incilius melanochlorus, Incilius spiculatus, and Incilius tutelarius.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
