Incilius cristatus (Wiegmann, 1833)
Bufo cristatus Wiegmann, 1833, Isis von Oken, 26: 660. Syntypes: ZMB 3523-24, according to Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 81; ZMB 3524 designated lectotype by Firschein, 1950, Copeia, 1950: 83. Type locality: "Umbegung von Xalapa", Veracruz, Mexico.
Bufo occipitalis Camerano, 1879, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat., 14: 889. Holotype: MZUT An464, according to Gavetti and Andreone, 1993, Cat. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat., Torino, 10: 52. Type locality: "Messico" = Mexico. Restricted to "Jalapa", Veracruz, Mexico by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 348. Synonymy by Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 48.
Cranopsis cristata — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364.
Ollotis cristata — Frost, Grant, and Mendelson, 2006, Copeia, 2006: 558. by implication.
Incilius cristatus — Frost, Mendelson, and Pramuk, 2009, Copeia, 2009: 418-419. By implication.
English Names
Large-crested Toad (Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 17; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 18).
Distribution
Central-western Veracruz and adjacent Puebla, Mexico, in cloud forest at 1300-1400 m elevation.
Comment
In the former Bufo valliceps group. Reviewed by Porter, 1964 "1963", Herpetologica, 19: 229-247. See accounts by Mendelson, 1997, Herpetologica, 53: 281-284, and Mendelson, 1998, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 646: 1-2, who corrected several misidentifications. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo cristatus) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 182. Mendelson, Mulcahy, Williams, and Sites, 2011, Zootaxa, 3138: 1-34, suggested that this species is a member of a monophyletic Incilius valliceps group and in a subgroup they referred to as the Forest Group (the name Incilius cristatus subgroup is available—DRF) that includes Incilius aucoinae, Incilius cavifrons, Incilius campbelli, Incilius cristatus, Incilius leucomoyos, Incilius macrocristatus, Incilius melanochlorus, Incilius spiculatus, and Incilius tutelarius.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
