Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Bufo stomaticus Lütken, 1864 "1863", Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., Ser. 2, 4: 305. Syntypes: ZMUC (6 specimens), by original designation. Type locality: "ostindiske" (= East Indies); restricted to "Assam", India, by Boulenger, 1891, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 7: 279-283.

Bufo andersonii Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 12: 163. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.20.47, 1947.2.20.50-53, ZSIC, and "in the Indian division at the Fisheries Exhibition"; Parker, 1938, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 11, 1: 491, designated as lectosyntypes the Rajputana (Ajmere) types (in the BMNH). BMNH 83.11.26.105 designated lectotype by Balletto, Cherchi, and Gasperetti, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia, 7: 341 (fide Anonymous, 1987, Zool. Rec., 123: 189). Type localities: "Agra district" (ZSIC specimens), "Ajmere" (the 3 BMNH specimens), and "Tatta" (Fisheries Exhibition), India; restricted to Ajmere, Rajputana, India by Parker, 1938, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 11, 1: 491, by restricting the name to the lectosyntypes from Rajputana. Synonymy by Annandale, 1909, Rec. Indian Mus., 3: 284; Mertens, 1969, Stuttgart. Beit. Naturkd., 197: 4, and Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5: 122. Parker, 1938, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 11, 1: 491, suggested that the syntypes represented two species. See discussion by Balletto, Cherchi, and Gasperetti, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia, 7: 352.

Bufo Andersonii Murray, 1884, Vert. Zool. Sind: 401. Types: Karachi Museum, presumed lost. Type locality: "Sind (Tatta (ponds) and Joongshai)", Pakistan. Synonymy (with Bufo andersonii [= Bufo stomaticus] by Boulenger, 1885, Zool. Rec., 21: 17.

Bufo stomaticus stomaticus — Rao, 1920, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27: 126.

Bufo stomaticus peninsularis Rao, 1920, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27: 126. Holotype: ZSIC 19176 according to Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 104. Type locality: "Mavkote and Watekille, Coorg", India. Subspecific status rejected by Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 434, and Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 52.

"Bufo" stomaticus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364. Excluded from Bufo and unassigned to genus.

Duttaphrynus stomaticus — Van Bocxlaer, Biju, Loader, and Bossuyt, 2009, BMC Evol. Biol., 9 (e131): 4.

English Names

Indus Toad (Bufo andersoni [no longer recognized]: Minton, 1966, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 55).

Indus Valley Toad (Bufo stomaticus: Khan, 2002, Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc., 37: 159).

Marbled Toad (Bufo stomaticus: Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 433; Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63; Schleich, Anders, and Kästle, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 78; Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 26; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 21).

Assam Toad (Bufo stomaticus: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Indo-Gangetic (Marbled) Toad (Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 130).

Distribution

Eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan to Sind and Rajasthan areas of India and Pakistan, south into the Western Ghats of southwestern India and east to Nepal, Bangladesh, and to Orissa and the Assam region, India.

Comment

In the Bufo stomaticus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 64, and Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107. See comment under Bufo stuarti. See Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 17-19, Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 73, and Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 433-434. See taxonomic discussions by Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1973, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 77: 186, and Dubois, 1974, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 213: 341-411. Record for Orissa by Dutta, 1988, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 85: 439-441. Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 245 (following the suggestion of Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 8), rejected the Sri Lankan records as based on an introduced individual. See Auffenberg and Rehman, 1997, in Mufti et al. (eds.), Biodiversity of Pakistan: 351-372, for discussion of systematics and geographic variation. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 9, reported the species in the Western Ghats of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 28. Ray, 1999, Mem. Zool. Surv. India, 18: 64-67, provided an account. Choudhury, Ahmed, and Sengupta, 2001, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 98: 457-459, reported on geographic distribution in the Assam region. Anders, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 158-162, provided an extensive account for Nepalese population. See brief account by Shrestha, 2001, Herpetol. Nepal: 96. Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 130-132, provided an account for Iran. Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 49, provided a brief account for Pakistan. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 113-115, provided an account. Devi and Shamungou, 2006, J. Exp. Zool. India, 9: 317-324, provided a record for Manipur, northeastern India. Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 26, provided a brief account for northeastern India. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 21-22, provided a brief characterization and photographs. See Shah and Tiwari, 2004, Herpetofauna Nepal: 35, for brief account for Nepal.

External Links

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

• For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
• For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
• For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
• For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
• For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
• for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML