Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Bufo parietalis Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 312, pl. 21, fig. 2. Syntypes: BMNH 74.4.9.1156-57, 82.2.10.60; BMNH 82.2.10.60, designated lectotype by Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 153. Type locality: "Malabar", India. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 8, noted the imprecision of this type locality, which could be anywhere within the entire region of the Western Ghats.

"Bufo" parietalis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364.

Duttaphrynus parietalis — Van Bocxlaer, Biju, Loader, and Bossuyt, 2009, BMC Evol. Biol., 9 (e131): 4.

English Names

Indian Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Ridged Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63).

Timber Forest Toad (Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 26).

Distribution

Western Ghats of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka, India, in evergreen forests at 200-900 m elevation.

Comment

In the Bufo melanostictus group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107. See Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 434, Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81: 408-409, and Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 153, who placed it in the Bufo scaber group. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 8, noted the highly provisional nature of range statements. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 50-51, and Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 26-27, provided a brief account for the Indian population. Krishna and Krishna, 2001, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 98: 456-457, reported the species in Karnataka. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 108-110, provided an account. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo parietalis) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 611. Ganesh and Asokan, 2010, Hamadryad, 35: 48, noted some misidentifications in the literature.

External Links

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

• For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
• For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
• For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
• For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
• For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
• for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML