Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Bufo microtympanum Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 307, pl. 22, fig. 1. Syntypes: "several specimens" including BMNH 74.4.29.1146-1157 according to A.G.C. Grandison in Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 54. BMNH 74.4.29.1146 designated lectotype by Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 152. Type locality: "Malabar", India. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 8, noted the imprecision of this type locality, which could be anywhere within the entire region of the Western Ghats.

Duttaphrynus microtympanum — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

English Names

Southern Hill Toad (Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 438; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Small-eared Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42; Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 9).

Distribution

Southern India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) in the southern Western Ghats; controversially Nepal (see comment).

Comment

See accounts by Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 19-20. See also Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 438. Reported from Nepal by Bahandur Shah and Gruber, 1994, Spixiana, München, 17: 57-61, although otherwise known only from the Western Ghats of southwestern India. See brief account by Shrestha, 2001, Herpetol. Nepal: 96, who accepted its presence in Nepal. Nepal material examined by Schleich, Anders, and Kästle, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 78, and reidentified as Bufo melanostictus x Bufo stomaticus hybrids. Sri Lanka record by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 71-73, based on Duttaphrynus melanostictus according to Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 238. Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 152, placed this species in the Bufo melanostictus group. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 50, and Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 26, provided brief accounts. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 106-108, provided an account. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo microtympanum) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 188. Ganesh and Asokan, 2010, Hamadryad, 35: 48, noted some misidentifications in the literature. See Shah and Tiwari, 2004, Herpetofauna Nepal: 34, for brief account for Nepal.

External Links

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• For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
• For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
• For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
• For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
• For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
• for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML