Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871
Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871: 423. Types: Not designated athough syntypes evident. Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 36, considered ZSIC 10397, 11396, 10366-81 to be syntypes, as is BMNH 1874.6.1.3 (according to Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2006, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 1: 280); see discussion by Nussbaum, Brodie, and Yang, 1995, Herpetologica, 51: 264, who designated as neotype KIZ 74II0061 VI.6. Type locality: "Nantin, Momien, and Hotha valleys, Western Yunan [sic], China." Neotype from "Gongwa, 1600 m elevation, Longchuan County, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China".
Triturus (Tylototriton) verrucosus — Boulenger, 1878, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 3: 308.
Tylotriton verrucosus — Boettger, 1885, Ber. Offenbach. Ver. Naturkd., 24-25: 165. Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 255. Spelling error.
Glossolega verrucosa — Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 201. Incorrect subsequent spelling of generic name.
Tylototriton verrucosus — Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 450. Wolterstorff and Herre, 1935, Arch. Naturgesch., Leipzig, N. F., 4: 224.
Tylototriton (Tylototriton) verrucosus — Zhao and Hu, 1984, Stud. Chinese Tailed Amph.: 9.
Pleurodeles (Tylototriton) verrucosus — Risch, 1985, J. Bengal Nat. Hist. Soc., N.S.,, 4: 141. Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 11.
Tylototriton shanjing Nussbaum, Brodie, and Yang, 1995, Herpetologica, 51: 265. Holotype: KIZ II 0731 V.27, by original designation. Type locality: "Dingpa, 2150 m elevation, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China". Synonymy by Zhang, Rao, Yu, and Yang, 2007, Zool. Res., Kunming, 28: 430-436; this synonymy disputed by Stuart, Phimmachak, Sivongxay, and Robichaud, 2010, Zootaxa, 2650: 28.
Tylototriton verrucosus verrucosus — Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 19.
Tylototriton verrucosus shanjing — Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 19.
Tylototriton (Tylototriton) shanjing — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 68.
Tylototriton (Tylototriton) verrucosus — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 68.
Tylototriton (Tylototriton) verrucosus verrucosus — Hou, Li, and Lu, 2012, J. Huangshan Univ., 14: 63.
Tylototriton (Tylototriton) verrucosus pulcherrima —Hou, Zhang, Li, and Lu In Hou, Li, and Lu, 2012, J. Huangshan Univ., 14: 63. Holotype: SYNU HM2012501-NT001, by original designation. Type locality: Lvchun County, Yunnan, China.
English Names
Crocodile Newt (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 36; Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 72).
Crocodile Salamander (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 50).
Himalayan Newt (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 68; Schleich, Anders, and Kästle, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 78; Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 52; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 123; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 123).
Red Knobby Newt (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 44).
Orange-warted Salamander (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 50).
Inthanon Salamander (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 50).
Crocodile Newt (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 10).
Hoanglien Mountain Crocodile Newt (Tylototriton verrucosus pulcherrima: Hou, Li, and Lu, 2012, J. Huangshan Univ., 14: 63).
Distribution
Moderate (1200 m) to high (2150 m) elevations in western Yunnan (China), to northern Myanmar (Kakhyen Hills), hills of Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Manipur, and West Bengal in India and extreme eastern Nepal; Xizang, China, adjacent to northeastern India and Myanmar; northern Thailand; and northern Vietnam (Lai Chau Province); presumably to be found in Laos and Bhutan.
Comment
Reviewed by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 144-146. See also Kabisch, Herrmann, and Kühnel, 1994, Abh. Ber. Naturkd. Magdeburg, 17: 109-118. See accounts by Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 279-282; Anders, Schleich, and Shah, 1998, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Contr. Herpetol. S. Asia Nepal India, 4: 1-26; Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China 79; Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 44; and Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 222-226. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 183, provided a brief account for India. Wongratana, 1984, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc., 32: 107-110, discussed the range in Thailand. Zhang and Wen, 2000, Amph. Guangxi: 31, provided an account (for Guangxi), although this record requires verification. Panigrahi, 2000, Indian Biol., 32: 41-43, noted that the Darjeeling population differed distinctly in morphology and coloration from populations elsewhere in Asia. Anders, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 134-140, provided an extensive account for Nepalese population. See account by Shrestha, 2001, Herpetol. Nepal: 62-71. Seglie, Roy, Giacoma, and Mushahiddunnabi, 2003, Russ. J. Herpetol., 10: 157-162, discussed range in the Darjeeling District of India. Palden, 2003, Hamadryad, 27: 286-287, provided records for Bhutan. Sarkar, Biswas, and Ray, 1992, State Fauna Ser., 3: 94-95, provided a brief account for West Bengal, India. Sarkar and Ray, 2006, In Alfred (ed.), Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, Part 1: 313, provided a brief report for Arunachal Pradesh. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 50-51, provided a very brief account and photo. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 72, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 10, provided a specific locality for Vietnam. In the Tylototriton verrucosus group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 42 (although they only addressed Chinese species). Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2006, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 1: 280-283, provided an account and range map. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 145, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Devi and Shamungou, 2006, J. Exp. Zool. India, 9: 317-324, provided specific localities within Manipur, India (as Pleurodeles verrucsosus). See account (as Tylototriton shanjing) by Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 226-227. See also brief account (as Tylototriton shanjing) by Zhao and Yang, 1997, Amph. Rept. Hengduan Mountains Region: 34-35. In the Tylototriton verrucosus group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 42 (although they only addressed Chinese species). Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2006, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 1: 272-276, provided an account and range map (as Tylototriton shanjing). Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 145-146, provided a brief account, figure, and map (as Tylototriton shanjing). Zhang, Rao, Yu, and Yang, 2007, Zool. Res., Kunming, 28: 430-436, reported on population variation within China and considered Tylototriton shanjing to be conspecific with Tylototriton verrucosus on the basis of minimal sequence divergence. Hegde and Deuti, 2007, Cobra, Chennai, 1 (2): 29-36, provided specific localities from West Bengal, northeastern India. Chuaynkern, Chantipinthara, Songchan, and Duengkae, 2008, Herpetol. Rev., 39: 361, described range in Thailand. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 18-19, provided a brief account for Yunnan, China. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status for nominal Tylototriton shanjing in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 642. Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 52, provided a brief account for northeastern India. Chuaynkern, Chantipinthara, Songchan, and Duengkae, 2008, Herpetol. Rev., 39: 361, provided a range extension in Thailand and discussed the range within that country. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 123, provided a brief characterization and photograph. Nguyn, Nguyn, H, Lê, and Nguyn, 2009, Tp chí Công ngh Sinh hc, 7: 325-333, discussed the species in Vietnam. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 77 (as Tylototriton shanjing) and (on page 81 as Tylototriton verrucosus), provided brief accounts including photographs. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 11-12, provided an account for Xizang, China. See Shah and Tiwari, 2004, Herpetofauna Nepal: 31, for brief account for Nepal.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
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- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
