Taricha torosa (Rathke, 1833)
Salamandra beecheyi Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 107. Nomen nudum.
Triton torosa Rathke, 1833, Zool. Atlas, Part 5: 12. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: "in der Umgebung der Bai St. Francisco auf Californien" (= vicinity of San Francisco Bay, California, USA).
Triton Ermani Wiegmann In Erman, 1835, Reise N. Asien 1828-1830, Naturhist. Atlas: 24. Holotype: Not stated, but ZMB 3674, lost, according to Bauer, Good, and Günther, 1993, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 69: 300. Type locality: "San Francisco in Californien an einer feuchten Waldstelle", USA. Synonymy by Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 284; Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 25; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 20.
Salamandra beecheyi Gray, 1839, in Beechey (ed.), Zool. Capt. Beechey’s Voy.: 98. Syntypes: 2 specimens in the"Museum of the College of Surgeons", presumably now either lost or in the BMNH. Type locality: "Monterey", California, USA. Plate 31 is cited in the original description but not included in the AMNH copy, and the introduction by Captain Beechey suggests that this plate was never produced. Synonymy by Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 25; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 20.
Pleurodeles californiae Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 25. Nomen nudum provided by Gray in synonymy and attributed to Bibron; presumably a manuscript name.
Taricha torosa — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 25.
Notophthalmus torosus — Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 284. Grinnell and Storer, 1924, Animal Life in the Yosemite: 651.
Taricha laevis Baird and Girard, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 302. Syntypes: Not stated; USNM 4014 (5 specimens) according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 26. Type locality: "San Francisco", San Francisco County, California, USA. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 20.
Triton laevis — Strauch, 1870, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 7, 16 (4): 50.
Diemyctylus torosus — Cope, 1875, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 1: 28.
Triton torosus — Wiedersheim, 1877, Morphol. Jahrb., 3: 465.
Molge torosa — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 20.
Cynops torosus — Cope, 1883, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 35: 25.
Amblystoma rubrum Reid, 1895, History of Pasadena: 600. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: "in the pools that occur so often in the mountain canyons" in the vicinity of Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California, USA. Synonymy by Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 44; Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 23.
Diemictylus torosus — Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 28. Wolterstorff, 1925, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 4: 294.
Triturus torosus — Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 450. Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 95.
Taricha torosa klauberi Wolterstorff, 1935, Bl. Aquar. Terrarienkd., Stuttgart, 46: 179. Holotype: MM 108.22, by original designation; destroyed in W.W.II, according to Brame, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 83. Type locality: "Boulder Creek, San Diego County, Californien", USA. Synonymy with Taricha torosa torosa by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 25-26.
Taricha torosa torosa — Wolterstorff, 1935, Bl. Aquar. Terrarienkd., Stuttgart, 46: 179. by implication.
Taricha torosa forma monstrosa Scharlinski, 1939, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 7: 50. Syntypes: MM 4897 (many examples); destroyed in W.W.II, according to Brame, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 83. Type locality: "San Diego, California", USA. Nomen nudum.
Triturus torosus klauberi — Twitty, 1942, Copeia, 1942: 65-76. Myers, 1942, Copeia, 1942: 77-82; Stejneger and Barbour, 1943, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 93: 7.
Triturus klauberi — Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 80.
Taricha klauberi — Smith and Taylor, 1948, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 194: 15.
Taricha torosa torosa — Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 25.
Taricha (Taricha) torosa — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 67.
English Names
Pacific Water Lizard (Taricha torosa: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22).
Capt. Beechey's Salamander (Salamandra beecheyi: Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix 107).
Beechey's Salamander (Salamandra beecheyi: Gray, 1839, in Beechey (ed.), Zool. Capt. Beechey’s Voy.: 98).
Warty Salamander (Taricha torosa: Cooper, 1860, Rep. Upon Explor Surv. Route Railroad Mississippi-Pacific Ocean, 12 (Book 2, Pt. 3, No. 4): 305).
Giant Newt (Tarich torosa: Stejneger and Barbour, 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept.: 7).
Pacific Coast Newt (Triturus torosus: Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 22).
California Newt (Taricha torosa: Stejneger and Barbour, 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept.: 7; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 95; Stebbins, 1951, Amph. W. North Am.: 21; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 26; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 175; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 38; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 9; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 15; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 36; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 10; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 166; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 23; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 35; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 16; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 31).
Warty Newt (Taricha klauberi [no longer recognized]: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 80).
Coast Range Newt (Taricha torosa torosa: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 26; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 175; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 39; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 9; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 15; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 36; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 10; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 167; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 23; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 35).
Distribution
Coastal California from the vicinity of San Diego north to middle Mendocino County, north of San Francisco; and the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Range south of the Main Fork of the Kaweah River, Tulare County, eastern California, USA; possibly south into northern Baja California, Mexico.
Comment
Reviewed by Nussbaum and Brodie, 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 273: 1-4. Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 166-167, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Hedgecock and Ayala, 1974, Copeia, 1974: 738-747, reported on genetic divergence and noted that Taricha torosa exhibits strong allozymic variation suggesting that is is composed of at least three geographic components. Kuchta and Tan, 2006, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 89: 213-239, reported on allozymically defined units within Taricha torosa and their biogeography (including what is now Taricha sierra).
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
